Ion flux dropout observed near dipolarization front

An ion flux dropout near the dipolarization front （DF） at around XGSM =- 11 RE in the Earth＇ s plasma sheet was observed by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interaction during substorms （THEMIS） on March 31, 2009. The ion differential energy fluxes at energies from 450 eV to 150 keV measured by the ESA and SST instruments from THC began to decrease about 2 s before the detection of the DF and reached a local minimum 6 s later. Then, the ion fluxes gradually increased to form a dropout around the DF. The spatial extent of the dropout was about 4,000 km. For energies above 20 keV, the ion fluxes after the dropout are greater than those before it, contrary to the fluxes at energies below 20 keV. The associated ion density variation indicates that the ion flux dropout coincides with the ion density dropout. Taking advantage of multipoint observations, THD, THC, and THE detected the same DF consecutively. Only THC detected an obvious ion flux dropout; THD observed an indistinct one about 2 s before THC; no high-energy （E 〉 30 keV） ion flux dropout was observed by THE. Our study suggests that the ion flux dropout may evolve with the earthward-propagating DF, and its properties can depend on locations relative to the DF.     

球形闪电的形成及运行机理初探

指出了闪电时形成的离子管形层流,其间歇流动产生涡环,提出了由若干导电离子流形成的涡环组合,它们间的相互作用构成稳定的球形闪电,该假设能解释球形闪电的形成、构造及其长寿命等基本性质.     

Morphology of polar ionospheric O^＋ ion upflow： FAST observations during quiet time

With energetic ion measurements on FAST satellite, the morphologic features of quiet-time ionospheric O ion upflowing at altitudes of 2000 to 4000 km are drawn out for the first time. The pre-noon cusp/cleft is the predominant region of upflowing occurrence for O with lower energy. Meanwhile the pre-dawn sector near the equatorward edge of the plasma convection dominates the occurrence for the higher energy O ions. No matter whether the energy is lower or higher, the upflows occur often over a wide MLT range of lower latitudes outside the auroral oval. The upflowing within the pre-midnight (21:00― 22:00 MLT) auroral oval carrys larger energy fluxes, with extremely large fluxes for higher energy O appearing near the polar cap boundary. For altitudes of 2000―4200 km under observation, the ion conics occur much more frequently than ion beams. Ion beams are rarely found below 3000 km, while the conics occur uniformly over the observed altitudes.     

Plasma sheet stretching accompanied by field aligned energetic ion fluxes observed by the NUADU instrument aboard TC-2

The NUADU (NeUtral Atom Detector Unit) instrument aboard TC-2 recorded 4л solid angle images of charged particles (E >180 keV) spiraling around the magnetic field lines in the near-Earth plasma sheet (at ~ -7 RE, equatorial dawn-to-night side) during a geomagnetic storm (Dst =-219 nT) on August 24, 2005. Energetic ion beam events characterized by symmetrical, ring-like, solid angle distributions around ambient magnetic field lines were observed during a 34-minute traversal of the plasma sheet by the TC-2 spacecraft. Also, observations during these multiple crossings of the plasma sheet were monitored by the magnetometer experiment (FGM) aboard the same spacecraft. During each crossing, a whistler-mode chorus enhancement was observed in the anisotropic area by the TC-2 low frequency electromagnetic wave detector (LFEW/TC-2) at a frequency just above that of the local lower hybrid wave. A comparison of the ion pitch angle distribution (PAD) map with the ambient magnetic field shows that an enhancement in the field aligned energetic ion flux was accompanied by tailward stretching of the magnetic field lines in the plasma sheet. In contrast, the perpendicular ion-flux enhancement was accompanied by a signature indicating the corresponding shrinkage of the magnetic field lines in the plasma sheet. Since both parallel ion-flux and perpendicular ion-flux enhancements occurred intermittently, the data were interpreted to imply a dynamical, oscillatory process of the magnetic field line (stretching and shrinking) in the near-Earth plasma sheet, which might have acted to help establish an interaction region in this area which would support continuous aurora-substorm triggering during the ongoing magnetic storm. The whistler-mode chorus may have been produced due to ion gyro-resonance during particle pitch angle diffusion after the plasma sheet compression.     

欧洲人造卫星录下“地球之声”

欧洲航天局最近发射的人造卫星在太空中记录下了地球的声音，这种声音并不动听，如哨音或哭声般刺耳。科学家们在研究人造卫星记录的1万多次“地球之声”后说，“地球之声”实际是太阳喷射出的离子流“太阳风”与地球磁场在大气层中相撞时产生的电波，     

超高真空热阴极电离规中自发X射线效应的消除

热阴极电离真空规在测量超高真空(<10~(-8)乇)时,必须首先设计为减弱或消除管内自发X射线的影响。本文回顾了与现的六种对策,特别对最近提出的Redhead方法和第四极调制法加以较详细的讨论,并提出改进意见。最后提出了第七种方法,即将热规的收集极设计为对X射线作完全屏蔽。实验证明这种设想是可以实现的:所提出的两种新型的设计其灵敏度分别达到1.6 乇~(-4)乇~(-1),但理论上没有自发X射线效应的限制,因此可用作较好的超高真空量具和校准其他热规X射线影响的标具。     

特高压直流输电线路离子流作用下人体电场效应分析

利用Comsol有限元仿真软件建立特高压直流输电线路和人体的三维模型,主要分析了输电线路产生的静电场和离子流作用下产生的合成电场两种情况下人体电场效应;以及在不同的风速下合成电场对人体电场效应。结果表明:在合成电场下:人体周围、人体内部以及头部的电场最大值均是静电场情况下的2.7倍左右,说明离子流作用下增加的电场是不可忽略的;并且对人体产生更大的作用。不同的风速情况下人体周围、人体内部以及头部的电场是不同的;风速逐渐增大,其电场值逐渐减小,说明在风速作用下,人体周围的离子流发生了变化并减小;且也减小了合成电场的大小,进而对人体的作用也变小。根据国际非电离辐射防护委员会(international commission on non-ionizing radiation protection,ICNIRP)导则限值对比分析,静电场和合成电场下人体内部电场最大值均超过普通民众限值和专业人员限值;而两种情况下的人体头部电场最大值在普通民众限值内,但是对于长期居住在特高压直流输电线路周边的居民会有一定的健康风险;因此在实际建设中需采取一定的降低电磁暴露防护措施或者避免穿越居民区。     

静电电动机实验研究

对两电极间电荷移动过程中电极间空气所受的影响以及转子转动进行了实验研究,建立了离子流、空气涡流的模型,并探索了静电电动机的工作机理.实验及理论分析表明,引起转子转动的原因是空气涡流产生的效应.     

直流离子发生器性能的研究

在针环状直流离子流发生器的导引环上增加了导引电阻，离子流引出总量和引出效率得到显著提高并随导引电阻增大趋于饱和。对导引环孔径为３．０ｍｍ，针环距为零，总电晕电流为２５．０μＡ，气流量为７．０ｍ３／ｈ的负离子流发生器，当导引电阻由零增加到１５０ＭΩ以上时，离子流引出总量和引出效率分别由１．０μＡ和４％增加到饱和值４．７５μＡ和１９％。增大气流量或减小导引环孔径和针环距也可同时增大离子流引出总量和引出效率。对导引环孔径为１．５ｍｍ，针尖电压为－１５．０ｋＶ，导引电阻为２００ＭΩ，针环距为零，气流量为５．６ｍ３／ｈ的离子流发生器，离子流引出总量和引出效率分别可达１７．４μＡ和３０％。但过大的气流速度会产生严重的气流噪音，这对实际应用不利。增大电晕电压和电晕电流可增加离子流引出总量，但引出效率却下降。该工作对直流离子流静电消除器，静电喷涂设备及负离子发生器的设计和性能改善有重要参考价值     

基于单神经元PID控制的离子流消静电装置

单神经元自适应PID(Proportional integral derivative)控制系统,具有自学习和自适应能力,而且结构简单、易于计算、响应速度快、设定参数少等特点,可以在一定程度上解决传统PID控制器不能对参数时变系统进行有效控制的问题,在离子流除静电装置中引入单神经元自适应PID控制,显著提高了现有离子流除静电装置的自动化程度,实现了自动检测、自动调整,实时监控,提高了工作效率,减少了人为误差,取得了较好的效果.