厦门港球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa)的摄食研究

采用肠含物分析和摄食实验相结合的方法，对厦门港常见浮游动物——球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa)的食物组成、摄食行为、摄食强度进行研究．并根据台湾海峡、厦门港球型侧腕水母的生物量，估算其种群摄食强度。     

南海北部大陆架海洋生态系统Ecopath模型的应用与分析

过度捕捞和环境恶化导致渔业资源和海洋生态系统逆向发展。采用EwE5.1软件,对南海北部大陆架建立Ecopath(生态通道模型)模型。通过各级流量、生物量、生产量、捕捞量、系统总流量以及生态位和混和营养效应等方面的分析,得出营养流通主要有2种途径,肉食鱼类间饵料竞争非常激烈,低值鱼类间具相似的捕食压力,顶级捕食者对大部分鱼类负效应不明显。系统受过度捕捞渔业影响很大,并存在营养级I利用效率低和渔业资源小型化、低值化等不稳定的幼态特征。     

中国生态环境现状分析及未来展望

<正>由于人口负载过多,加上长期以来对土地、森林、水和矿产等资源的不合理开发利用,以及缺乏对生态环境的必要保护和建设,我国当前的生态环境形势非常严峻:草原因过度放牧而退化,大片原始森林因过度砍伐而消失,湖泊、江河、湿地在缩小,沙漠化、石漠化和荒漠     

Paleodietary changes by penguins and seals in association with Antarctic climate and sea ice extent

Positioned near the top of the food web, the dietary composition of Antarctic penguins and seals can be an excellent indicator of the regional food web and thus the status of the marine ecosystem. The dietary composition of modern penguins and seals has been well investigated; a long-term time series of data on penguin and seal diets, however, are rare. Such data, especially any predating the initiation of human harvesting of fish, whales and seals in Antarctica, are crucial for understanding and predicting responses of regional marine food webs to natural climate changes. Here we review recent progress on research of paleodietary change in Antarctic penguins and seals, specifically the Adelie penguin （Pygoscelis adeliae） and Antarctic fur seal （Arctocephalus gazella）. These studies indicate that the dietary changes of penguins correspond quite well with fluctuations in climate and sea ice extent during the Holocene. The depleted δ15N ratios found in modern Adelie penguins support the ＂krill surplus hypothesis＂ in relation to historic human depletion of krilleating fish, seals and whales.     

北冰洋环境快速变化与生态响应*

随着全球变暖的加剧,北冰洋环境正在发生快速变化,水温升高、夏季海冰覆盖面积和海冰储量下降、淡水输入增加、盐度下降、海水酸化现象初现,导致原本依托海冰生存的北冰洋生态系统遭受前所未有的冲击。已有研究表明,与冰相关生物的生存状况正在恶化,初级生产者个体呈现小型化趋势,冰藻减少影响底栖生物产量,亚北极种入侵。由于北极环境和生态系统变化远超预期,而人类对生态系统、特别是北冰洋中心区的了解非常有限,如何尽快建立观测体系、加强对生态系统的了解、预测潜在的变化成为未来的重要课题。     

Ecological functions of ciliated protozoa in marine ecosystem： effects of ammonium on the population growth of Euplotes vannus

The effects of ammonium on the population growth of the marine ciliate, Euplotes vannus, were examined using ecotoxicological method, h is showed that ammonium exerts inhibitory effects on the growth of the ciliate populations in a concentration-dependent way. Statistical analvsis reveals that the population growth dynamics exposed to ammoniunt-N concentration over 100mg/L are significantly different from that in the control at P 〈 0.05 level. Linear regression determined that the 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h and 84h IC50 values of ammonium-N are 19.68, 201.51, 167.49, 47.86, 50.43 and 43.11 concentration over 100mg/L, respectively （ P 〈 0.05; pH 8.2; salinity 28 ppt; temperature, 25℃ ）. The results indicate that the tolerance to ammonium in E. vannus is considerably higher than that of the larvae or juveniles of some metozoa, such as cuhured prawns and oysters. Therefore, it is believed that the high tolerance to ammonium is necessary for eiliated protozoa to play positive roles in maintaining and improving water quality in marine ecosystems, especially in the intensive aquacuhure waters with high-level ammonium. In addition, the correlation between /C50 values and exposure time was discussed.     

保护海洋生物多样性

由于全球气候变化及人类活动的影响,海洋生态系统遭受破坏,严重影响了物种生存及资源的可持续利用,导致了生物多样性危机,已引起国际上的广泛关注。2001年,为了让大众进一步了解保护生物多样性的重要性,联合国将每年的5月22日定为“国际生物多样性日”。     

北极研究，从梦想走向辉煌

走向南极和北极,是多少代中国人的两大梦想。1984年,中国第一次南极考察,将走向南极的梦想变成现实,并延续成长达28年的美丽画卷。然而,虽然北极距离中国更近,但走向北极的梦想实现起来要困难得多,北极科学考察的起步整整晚了11年。今天中国的北极研究与南极研究一样,正在走向辉煌。     

魅力无穷的极地微生物研究

●在海洋食物链中,微生物本身作为有机物质的初级生产者,成为许多原生动物、浮游动物和底栖动物等的食物,也在海洋生态系统的物质和能量转化、生物地球化学循环中担当着特殊而极其重要的角色;包括极区海洋生态系统的结构与功能,以及海洋生物资源及其可持续发展,愈来愈成为人们普遍关注的问题之一。