后湾水库除险加固方案分析

探讨了后湾水库除险加固工程的原枢纽方案和原枢纽加泄洪洞方案,通过对工程地质、施工条件、运行管理、工程投资等多方面综合分析,最终选用了原枢纽方案。     

花岗岩残积土双孔结构的蒸发脱湿机理

为研究花岗岩残积土蒸发脱湿过程中的水分运移规律,对深圳花岗岩残积土进行了一系列核磁共振测试和微观试验,分析了花岗岩残积土双孔结构的成因,对比了不同饱和度下残积土的水分分布规律,提出了残积土双孔结构的水分运移机理. 结果表明：氧化铁等胶结物与高岭土片层形成了花岗岩残积土的微孔结构;微孔结构与不易受扰动的大孔结构组成残积土的双孔结构;微孔结构和大孔结构在高饱和度下相互连通,在低饱和度下水力连接中断;双孔结构间水分同步蒸发,大孔结构向微孔结构的补给随着蒸发进行而减少. 本研究可为研究复杂土体结构水分蒸发过程提供一定的理论基础.     

东准噶尔西部花岗岩带的岩石成因探讨

根据新疆东准噶尔西部花岗岩带各岩体在地质学、岩石学、岩石化学和稀土元素及同位素组成等方面的特征,探讨了它的成因和演化。结果表明,该区花岗岩,尤其是含锡花岗岩成岩方式为岩浆分异交代,物质来源主要为地幔与地壳的复合作用形成,属I型→同熔型→A型→改造型的过渡类型花岗岩,其中锡的来源主要与岩石演化的途径和方式有关。     

东营凹陷沙三段-沙二下亚段T-R层序特征及成因

将东营凹陷古近系沙三段沙二下亚段划分为 3个三级层序 ,即沙三下层序 (SSⅠ )、沙三中层序 (SSⅡ )和沙三上沙二下层序 (SSⅢ )。SSⅠ和SSⅡ层序由湖进体系域和湖退体系域组成T R旋回 ,其特征是代表层序边界的不整合分布局限 ,湖进体系域厚度小 ,主要为细粒沉积物 ,退积式叠加 ;湖退体系域较厚 ,由进积式叠加的砂岩、砾岩和泥岩组成。T R层序的形成主要是由于层序形成早期的构造沉降和气候起主导作用 ,其基底快速沉降 ,湖水供应充分 ,湖平面快速上升。在层序形成晚期 ,沉积物供给和气候起主导作用 ,沉积物供给多 ,快速向前推进 ,湖平面下降。构造沉降和沉积物供给因素对层序控制作用的转换促使其形成层序和体系域的边界。T R层序与三分层序之间的转换是由于层序形成的不同阶段的主控因素不同而引起的     

东营凹陷胜坨地区沙三-沙四段扇体特征与岩性油气藏

东营凹陷胜坨地区沙四段、沙三段沉积时期 ,发育了洪积扇、近岸水下扇和浊积扇 3种扇体沉积 ,根据其沉积、成藏特征分析了 3种扇体的成藏规律和分布特点。研究结果表明 ,沙四段沉积期主要发育洪积扇 ,岩性以砾岩、含砾砂岩为主 ,断层附近砂体的储集性能好 ,多形成背斜和断块油气藏 ;沙三段下部沉积期发育近岸水下扇 ,岩性以砾岩、含砾砂岩为主 ,扇中储集物性最好 ,多形成构造岩性油气藏 ;沙三段中部沉积期发育浊积扇 ,岩性以砂岩为主 ,储集性能好 ,但砂体薄 ,多形成透镜体和上倾尖灭油气藏     

New geological evidence of crustal thickening in the Gangdese block prior to the Indo-Asian collision

Recent mapping in the Gangdese block has revealed many leucogranites that are similar to those in the High Himalaya. These leucogranites formed at ～140 Ma as indicated by monazite Th-Pb ion-microprobe dating and cooled at ～130 Ma as indicated by muscovite ^40Ar/^39Ar dating. In conjunction with previous structural and paleogeographic studies, the new data indicate that the Gangdese block underwent crustal thickening and associated exhumation during ～140—130 Ma. In this regard, the southern margin of Eurasia continent was comparable to the modern South American Altiplano-Puna plateau, the prime example of active ocean-continent subduction and associated thickened crust. Specifically, the early stages of crustal thickening and uplifting of the Gangdese block may result from subduction of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean. If the Tibetan Plateau would form by accretion of a series of blocks with thickened crust, an elevated topographic plateau similar to the Altiplano-Puna plateau had formed before collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. Then the Tibetan Plateau would have quickly thickened, uplifted, and begun to extend soon after onset of the collision. Thus, the deformational mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau is not distributed shortening, but rather concentrating deformation within regions of thin crust between the accreted blocks.     

Triassic U-Pb age for zircon from granites in the Tonghua area and its response to the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure collisional orogenesis

Single-grain zircon U-Pb dating was carried out to constrain the emplacement timing of granitic plutons at Chaxinzi, Xiaoweishahe and Longtou in the Tonghua area, south of Jilin Province. The results show that these plutons formed in the Triassic with ages of 203—217 Ma. Geological and geochemical characteristics indicate that the plutons are composed of quartz diorite and granite. The former was derived from partial melting of mafic lower crust, whereas the latter originated from thickened crust with garnet as the residue in the source. It appears that protoliths of these two types of granitits are different although they have the same emplacement age. Considering that these plutons are petrologically different from the coeval granites in the Xingmeng (Xing‘an-Mongolian) to Jihei (Jilin-Heilongjiang) orogenic belt in the north, it is suggested that their formation was related to the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure collisional orogenesis since their ages are only 10—20 Ma younger than timing of the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism, but comparable to that of the first rapid exhumation of the ultra-high-pressure metamorphic rocks and the emplacement of the post-collisional granites.     

冈底斯地壳碰撞前增厚及隆升的地质证据: 岛弧拼贴对青藏高原隆升及扩展历史的制约

最近几年的调查发现, 与高喜马拉雅相似, 在冈底斯地块上广泛发育浅色花岗岩. 应用Th-Pb及⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar等定年手段分别对冈底斯浅色花岗岩的形成年代及热历史进行了限定, 独居石Th-Pb结晶年龄约为140 Ma, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar白云母冷却年龄约为130 Ma. 结合前人的构造变形研究及古地理分析, 认为冈底斯地块在约140～130 Ma发生地壳的缩短加厚及快速隆升作用. 与南美安第斯山高原类似, 冈底斯地块(高原)的早期加厚及隆起是新特提斯洋沿冈底斯地块南部俯冲及冈底斯地块北部班公-怒江洋逐渐封闭的结果. 印度板块与欧亚板块最后碰撞之前, 组成高原的各地块就有着增厚的地壳, 存在较高地形的山脉, 通过岛弧拼贴, 碰撞后高原可以迅速增厚、隆起、扩展. 高原的变形不是均匀的, 而是集中在地壳较薄的软弱带.     

华南几个杂岩体中产铀与非产铀花岗岩的成因及其与铀成矿关系

文章在对华南地区诸广山、贵东和桃山杂岩体中产铀与非产铀花岗岩的特征进行全面对比的基础上，对其成因进行了探讨。认为产铀与非产铀花岗岩的成因类型不同，前者属Ｓ型花岗岩，后者与Ｉ型花岗岩相似。岩石成因类型不同是造成上述杂岩体中不同地段铀成矿差异的主要原因     

折多山花岗岩的成因及构造环境

每一地质环境都具有特定的岩浆－构造系列，对于花岗岩的类型与构造环境的关系一直是人们研究的热点之一。该文在综合同位素（Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ和Ｕ－Ｐｂ）和地球化学数据基础上，结合微观构造研究方法对康定西部沿鲜水河大型韧性平移剪切带分布的大型折多山花岗岩体的花岗岩类型及其相关的构造环境进行了细致的研究，并讨论了该岩体的侵位机制。研究表明，折多山花岗岩属地壳局部熔融产物，为Ｓ型花岗岩，它的侵位时间距今１２．８±１．４Ｍａ，是鲜水河大型韧性左行平移的同构造产物，并以不连续的方式侵位，南部岩体侵位最早