腐殖酸分子结构对电-Fenton性能的影响探究

采用超滤分级得到不同分子量的腐殖酸组分,并通过傅里叶红外、紫外可见、三维荧光光谱等表征其分子结构的差异.用基于Pd/Fe3O4纳米催化剂的新型电芬顿技术去除不同分子量的腐殖酸与Cr(VI)形成的复合污染物.研究表明,随着腐殖酸分子量的增大,其矿化效果越好,HA5(87.6%) HA4(79.0%) HA3(76.8%) HA2(70.0%) HA1(62.9%),且短时间内高分子量腐殖酸有较好的去除.这归因于高分子量腐殖酸表面的阴离子与Pd/Fe3O4发生静电吸附.此外,苯环取代度更高、共轭结构更多的高分子腐殖酸优先被原位生成的·OH氧化为多羟基化中间体,进而氧化开环,最终矿化为CO2和H2O.而在TOC相同条件下,低分子量腐殖酸中短链羧酸占比较高,其与·OH的反应活性低,矿化速率慢.总铬的去除同样遵循HA5(91.8%) HA4(88.2%) HA3(85.9%) HA2(85.4%)HA1(85.1%)的顺序,因为高分子量腐殖酸中含有更多能与Cr发生络合作用的活性位点,可在电解体系中协同去除Cr.本研究表明了腐殖酸分子结构对金属纳米颗粒协同电化学氧化性能和与重金属相互作用的影响,为揭示腐殖酸与Cr(VI)复合污染物的环境行为及其有效去除提供重要参考.     

基于专利的难溶性含钾岩石生产钾肥技术分析

难溶性含钾岩石的开发和利用对提高我国钾肥产能，保障粮食生产安全有重要意义。该文围绕难溶性含钾岩石生产钾肥技术，通过专利数据库和专利分析系统，统计了本行业相关的专利数据，并对其进行了各种指标的分析，从而揭示了该技术领域中一些非常有价值的情报信息，为科研立项、课题选择、产品攻关、建立知识产权预警制度等提供一定参考。     

Developmental modes of the Neoproterozoic-Lower Paleozoic marine hydrocarbon source rocks in China

Based on the researches on rock type, the mode of occurrence, diagnostic minerals and creatures, the sedimentary geochemistry and organic facies of Chinese marine source rocks from wells and outcrops, and on the research findings of developmental modes of foreign marine source rock, the authors consider that it is impossible to objectively make clear the formation mechanism of hydrocarbon source rock with high organic matter abundance by either single mode of preservation or high organic matter productivity. According to the Chinese geological features, the formation mechanism of the Neoproterozoic-Lower Paleozoic marine source rock is generalized into four modes, namely, thermal water activity-upwelling flow-anoxic; carbonate gentle slope-upwelling flow; xerothermic climate-brine euxinic milieu; and humid climate-retained euxinic milieu; as the Lower Cambrian undercompensation basin organic facies （the Tarim Basin, South China and southwestern margin of North China）, carbonate gentle lime mud bound organic facies （the Upper Ordovician in Tazhong region of the Tarim Basin and the Lower Silurian in the Upper Yangtze Platform）, the Middle Cambrian evaporation laggon organic facies （the Tarim Basin and the Upper Yangtze Platform）, enclosed undercompensation terrigenous bay organic facies （the Middle-Upper Ordovician in the west of the Tarim Basin, the Lower Silurian Long- maxi Formation in the Upper Yangtze platform）. Chinese marine sedimentations with lower organic matter abundance are generalized into two modes of consumption-dilution mode of open epicontinental sea and depletion-dilution mode of supercompensation basin.     

The controlling factors and distribution prediction of H2S formation in marine carbonate gas reservoir, China

Generally, there are some anhydrites in carbonate reservoir, as H2S is also familiar in carbonate oil and gas reservoirs. Nowadays, natural gas with high H2S concentration is usually considered as TSR origin, so there is close relationship between H2S and anhydrite. On the contrary, some carbonate rocks with anhydrite do not contain H2S. Recently, researches show that H2S is only a necessary condition of H2S formation. The reservoir porosity, sulfate ion content within formation water, reservoir temperature, oil/gas and water interface, hydrocarbon and some elements of reservoir rock have great controlling effects on the TSR occurrence. TSR deoxidizes hydrocarbon into the acidic gas such as H2S and CO2, and the H2S formation is controlled by TSR occurrence, so the relationship among reaction room, the contact chance of sulfate ion and hydrocarbon, the reservoir temperature has great influence on the TSR reaction. H2S has relatively active chemical quality, so it is still controlled by the content of heavy metal ion. Good conditions of TSR reaction and H2S preservation are the prerequisite of H2S distribu- tion prediction. This paper builds a predictive model based on the characteristic of natural gas reservoir with high H2S-bearing. In the porosity reservoir with anhydrite, the formation water is rich in sulfate and poor in heavy metal ion. Oil and gas fill and accumulate in the gas reservoir with good preservation conditions, and they suffered high temperature later, which indicates the profitable area of natural gas with high H2S-bearing.     

简析大学英语分级教学

分级教学是当前大学英语教学改革的一项重要内容，其特点是打破大学英语教学旧有的自然班教学模式，根据学生实际英语水平的高低分成不同等级的班次进行教学，分级教学的出现是当前大学英语教学进一步向素质教育过渡的重要标志。     

下寒武统大林子组溶解蒸发岩系旋回层序及渗流构造成因

《科学通报》第44卷第16期发表了《华北中新元古代及早古生代地震灾变事件及与Rodinia的关系》[1]一文（以下简称《华北》）,涉及辽宁大连下寒武统大林子组的成因问题.我们曾先后于1984～1986,1993～1995和2001年对该组地层进行过详细的旋回层序、微层序和岩石学及微组构成因研究,对大林子组中段溶解蒸发岩系进行了几至几十厘米的超微层单元逐层观测取样,进行室内显微岩石组构和化学组分分析.本文按层序、岩石组构分析和比较     

浅谈挖掘机的使用

挖掘机是土石方工程施工的主要机械之一，能在坚实的土壤和爆破后的岩石中进行挖掘作业，还可以更换各种工作装置，在建筑工程施工中得到广泛的应用，为提高挖掘机的使用效率就要注意挖掘机的正确使用。     

“诺亚洪水”之谜

在世界各地的古老民族中几乎都有关于史前大洪水的传说,其中最为著名的当属“诺亚洪水”。那么,像“诺亚洪水”那样