凯瑟硬蜱—中国蜱种新记录

目的基于形态学与分子生物学鉴定方法对我国新发现的疑似硬蜱进行鉴定。方法从新疆亚洲獾和长尾黄鼠体表共采集到硬蜱57只,对其中的8只代表蜱首先进行体视显微镜观察,描绘蜱的形态学特点,随后进行线粒体16S rDNA和cox1基因片段扩增和测序。结果结果显示,采集的硬蜱经形态学观察符合凯瑟硬蜱的形态特点,16S rDNA遗传进化树分析表明8只代表蜱其序列与欧洲凯瑟硬蜱聚为一簇,与六角硬蜱为近源种; cox1基因遗传进化树分析表明我国分布的凯瑟硬蜱较为古老,并且发现来源于亚洲獾和长尾黄鼠凯瑟硬蜱在16S rDNA和cox1基因上不存在宿主差异性。结论新疆凯瑟硬蜱的发现扩大了我国已有蜱种的种类。关注野生动物体表寄生蜱的种类有望进一步在我国发现新的蜱种。     

《环球之旅·亚洲之声》教学设计

本课教材《环球之旅·亚洲之声》选自义务教育课程标准实验教科书音乐（人教版）七年级上册。[第一段]     

亚洲香菇Lentinula edodes系统发育学地位的重新评估与遗传多样性分析

测定了60个中国野生香菇菌株的rDNA的内转录间区(ITS)序列,结合GenBank已有的48个其他地区不同种的菌株的序列数据,构建Lentinula属内的系统发育树.结果将该属分成了两大支共7个谱系,西半球一支2个谱系,东半球一支5个谱系,聚类结果与形态种的划分明显相关.亚洲菌株在东半球的5个谱系中占两席,系统发育关系分析表明这两大谱系所代表的种质资源的地位特殊,不可缺少.谱系V的菌株数量明显扩大,覆盖范围的地理空白也得以填补,成为了亚洲香菇的主流谱系之一;谱系I的菌株数量庞大,覆盖了绝大部分被研究区域,有进一步分化成两类的趋势.这表明中国(亚洲)是重要的香菇自然群体遗传多样性中心.将谱系I分成Ia和Ib两个亚类,与谱系V一起进行亚洲范围内香菇的遗传多样性分析,发现中国东部沿海、西北高原和中国西南及喜马拉雅地区的多样性最为丰富,是亚洲香菇的3个多样性重点保护区域.     

黄石坳保护区的兽类初步研究

2002年5—7月对广东和平县黄石坳保护区的兽类进行了调查，共记录到兽类6目15科31种，东洋型21种占67．7％；南中国型5种占16．1％；古北型3种占9．7％；季风型和喜马拉雅山型各1种占3．2％．其中国家I级保护动物1种；Ⅱ级保护动物5种；三有动物10种，说明该地区物种珍稀程度较高．翼手类共记录到12种，占所有物种总数的38．7％；啮齿类只有3种，占种数的9．6％，可能与捕获的季节等有关．     

New geological evidence of crustal thickening in the Gangdese block prior to the Indo-Asian collision

Recent mapping in the Gangdese block has revealed many leucogranites that are similar to those in the High Himalaya. These leucogranites formed at ～140 Ma as indicated by monazite Th-Pb ion-microprobe dating and cooled at ～130 Ma as indicated by muscovite ^40Ar/^39Ar dating. In conjunction with previous structural and paleogeographic studies, the new data indicate that the Gangdese block underwent crustal thickening and associated exhumation during ～140—130 Ma. In this regard, the southern margin of Eurasia continent was comparable to the modern South American Altiplano-Puna plateau, the prime example of active ocean-continent subduction and associated thickened crust. Specifically, the early stages of crustal thickening and uplifting of the Gangdese block may result from subduction of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean. If the Tibetan Plateau would form by accretion of a series of blocks with thickened crust, an elevated topographic plateau similar to the Altiplano-Puna plateau had formed before collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. Then the Tibetan Plateau would have quickly thickened, uplifted, and begun to extend soon after onset of the collision. Thus, the deformational mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau is not distributed shortening, but rather concentrating deformation within regions of thin crust between the accreted blocks.     

Evolution of the South China Sea and monsoon history revealed in deep-sea records

As the third summary report of ODP Leg 184 to the South China Sea (SCS), this paper discusses the evolution of the East Asian monsoon and the SCS basin. A multi-proxy approach, involving geochemistry, micropale-ontology, pollen and other analyses, was adopted for reconstructing the evolutionary history of the East Asian monsoon, which was characterized by a series of paleo-climate events especially at 8, 3.2, 2.2 and 0.4 Ma. The new record indicates similar stages in the development of the East and South Asian monsoons, with an enhanced winter monsoon over East Asia being the major difference. The rich spectrums of monsoon variability from the southern SCS also reveal other characteristic features of the low latitude ocean. Evidence for the evolution of the SCS includes the hemipelagic Oligocene sediments, implying the existence of deep water environments during the early seafloor spreading stage of the SCS basin. The four major unconformities and some remarkabl ediagenetic features in upper Oligocene deposits indicate the strongest tectonic events in the region. From a careful comparison of lithologies and sedimentation rates, we conclude that the prominent differences in sedimentary environments between the southern and northern SCS were established only by ～3 Ma.