河南省陆栖腹足类初报

整理自1984—1990年从河南省采集的陆栖腹足类标本,已鉴定30种,计前鳃亚纲,中腹足目Ⅰ科2属;肺螺亚纲,柄眼目12科22属。凡注有“*”者为河南省新纪录,注有“**”者为华北新纪录。标本均保存在河南师范大学、生物系。     

豚草籽提取液灭螺效果研究

为了解豚草籽提取液杀螺效果,取豚草籽干燥研细后提取醇溶性成分,制成浓缩液.将浓缩液稀释至0.1 g.L-10、.5 g.L-1和1 g.L-1进行钉螺浸杀实验.结果显示:0.5 g.L-1以上浓度的豚草籽提取液对钉螺具有迅速抑制钉螺上爬和毒杀效果,处理72 h钉螺死亡率达100%.     

新疆蜗牛酶的研制

以野生蜗牛嗉囊为原料提取蜗牛酶产品,检测所含纤维素酶、淀粉酶的活性,对其蜗牛酶产品进一步测试,结果表明新疆蜗牛酶中的纤维素酶活力为450U/g淀粉酶为405U/g。验证了新疆蜗牛酶中纤维素酶的活力很高。     

Diet control on carbon isotopic composition of land snail shell carbonate

Carbon isotope compositions for both the carbonate shells and soft bodies (organic tissue) of living land snails collected mostly from the Loess Plateau, China have been measured. The result shows that δ 13C values range from -13.1‰ to -4.3‰ for the aragonite shell samples and from -26.8‰ to -18.0‰ for the soft body samples. Although the shells are enriched in 13C relative to the bodies averagely by 14.2(±0.8)‰, the shell δ 13Ca values are closely correlated to the body δ 13Corg values, expressed as δ 13Ca = 1.021 δ 13Corg 14.38 (R = 0.965; N = 31). This relationship indicates that δ 13Ca is primarily a function of the isotopic composition of the snail diets since previous studies have proved that the snail body is the same as their food in carbon isotope composition. In other words, carbon isotope compo-sition of the carbonate shell can be used as a proxy to estimate the dietary 13C abundance of the land snails. The data also support that the 13C enrichment of the carbonate shells results mainly from the equilibrium fractionations between the metabolic CO2, HCO3-in the hemolymph and shell aragonite, and partially from kinetic fractionations when snail shells form during their activity.     

Variability of snail growing season at the Chinese Loess Plateau during the last 75 ka

Knowledge of seasonal climate change is one of the key issues facing Quaternary paleoclimatic studies and estimating seasonal climate change is difficult,especially changes such as seasonal length on glacial-interglacial timescales.The stable isotope composition from seasonal land snail shells provides the potential to reveal seasonal climatic features.Two modern land snail species,cold-aridiphilous Pupilla aeoli and thermo-humidiphilous Punctum orphana,were collected from different climatic zones in 18 localities across the Chinese Loess Plateau,spanning 11 degrees of longitude and covering a range of 1000 km2.The duration of the snail growing season(temperature ≥10℃) was shorter(202 ± 6 d) in the eastern Loess Plateau compared with in the western Loess Plateau(162 ±7 d).The δ13C of P.aeoli shells was ?9.1‰ to ?4.7‰ and ?5.0‰ to 0.3‰ for δ18O.For P.orphana,the δ13C ranged from ?9.1‰ to ?1.9‰ and ?8.9‰ to ?2.9‰ for δ18O.Both the δ13C and δ18O differences between the two snail species were reduced from the east to the western Loess Plateau(2.8‰ to 0.2 ± 1.1‰ for δ13C and 4.7‰ to 2.9 ± 1.3‰ for δ18O).These isotopic differences roughly reflect the difference in the growing season lengths between the east and west Loess Plateau indicating that the duration of the snail growing season shortens by 15 d or 19 d if the difference decreases by 1‰ in δ13C or δ18O,respectively.Thus,the difference in δ13C and δ18O between both snail species can be used to reveal the length of the snail growing season in the past.Based on our investigation,the length of the snail growing seasons from the Xifeng region during the last 75 ka was reconstructed.During the mid-Holocene(8-3 ka),the mean isotopic difference from both snail species reached maximum values of 2.6 ± 0.7‰ and 2.1 ± 1.4‰ for δ13C and δ18O,respectively.This was followed by MIS 3 that ranged from 2.5 ± 0.4‰ for δ13C and 1.6 ± 0.8‰ for δ18O.The Last Glacial Maximum changed by only 0.2‰ and 0.4‰ for δ13C and δ18O,respectively.Therefore,we estimate that the duration of the snail growing seasons to be ～200 ± 10 d during the mid-Holocene,190 ± 6 d in MIS 3 and 160 ± 3 d during the last glacial period.     

外来生物福寿螺入侵的生态风险及其评价探讨

通过对福寿螺生态风险较全面的分析,认为福寿螺不仅会对水稻产生直接的危害,而且会对水生生态系统的生物多样性和水体环境造成直接和潜在的危害。同时,福寿螺在特定空间和时间内具有种群暴发的风险以及向我国长江以北地区继续迁移与扩散的风险。在此基础上,进一步提出了有关福寿螺入侵的生态风险评估的概念框架。该研究结果可为控制与预防福寿螺的危害发生提供相关科学依据与参考。     

种子区域生长法的改进算法及其在钉螺图像提取中的应用

种子区域生长法是图像分割中一种常用的方法,其性能在很大程度上取决于种子点的选取与生长规则.为了更有效地应用种子区域生长法从真实图片中提取钉螺图像,在分析种子区域生长法的基本思想后,提出了一种改进的种子区域生长算法并用于提取钉螺图像.改进种子区域生长法使用了新的区域生长相似性规则和区域生长停止的动态阈值方法,改进算法采用人工方式来选择区域生长的种子点.结果表明,改进的种子区域生长法在复杂背景图片中能获得更好的钉螺图像提取效果.     

Aluminium in repair membranes and Al,Ca and Pi in the haemolymph of Al-injected shell-repairing snails (Helix pomatia L.)

Summary In AlCl₃-injected shell-repairing snails,Helix pomatia L., the Al-associated decrease of the weights of the shell-repair membranes was unrelated to the Al-concentration in the membranes. In the haemolymph the concentration of Al was related to the dose of injected Al, while the concentration of Ca was increased by the highest Al-dose only. No phosphate was detected in either controls or Al-injected snails. It is concluded that Al inhibits the growth of the CaCO₃-crystals by mechanisms other than incorporation in, or adsorption to, the crystals.     

Unusual geographic pattern of interpopulation variation in a spring snail Bythinella (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia)

Allozyme polymorphism, mean gene diversity, and a variety of pairwise genetic distances, theta and Nm were analysed for 20 populations of the spring snail Bythinella from Central Europe. Pairwise Mahalanobis' distances for morphological characters and geographic distances were also computed. Contrary to prior assumptions, the level of polymorphism was considerable, and correlations were found to be statistically significant between the genetic and geographic distances, as well as between Mahalanobis' and geographic distances. The present high level of isolation of local populations of the previously amphibious and continuously distributed snail is postulated to be due to a shift in climate and in the snail's habitat preference.