广西前胡的活血化瘀药理作用研究

药理试验证实,广西前胡水提物具有体外抗凝作用;能显著抑制大鼠血小板聚集,抑制血栓形成;降低“血瘀”症模型大鼠的全血粘度和红细胞压积,缩短红细胞电泳时间;延长小鼠常压耐缺氧时间,表明广西前胡具有活血化瘀作用。     

急性力竭游泳后小鼠血液成分变化的动态观察

为了观察急性力竭游泳对小鼠血液成分的影响,分别于小鼠力竭游泳停止后0(即刻)、1、4、8和24 h时进行尾静脉取血,测定了其白细胞、红细胞、血小板和血红蛋白等指标.结果表明:白细胞的数量在小鼠力竭游泳后0 h为(8.46±3.20)×109/L,与对照组的(10.65±2.29)×109/L比较明显减少(P＜0.05);在4 h时为(17.67±3.41)×109/L,与对照组比较显著增多(P＜0.01);在8 h以后恢复正常.红细胞的数量在小鼠力竭游泳后4 h时为(9.99±0.95)×1012/L,与对照组的(10.87±0.79)×1012/L比较明显减少(P＜0.05);在8h以后恢复正常.血小板的数量在小鼠力竭游泳后1、4、8和24 h时分别为(856.5±129.0)×109、(859.5±67.9)×109、(874.1±96.5)×109和(875.7±124.8)×109/L,与对照组的(721.5±115.7)×109/L比较均明显增多(P＜0.05).说明急性力竭游泳对小鼠血液中不同成分的作用存在差异,在一定时间内导致红细胞数减少、血小板增多和白细胞数先降后升的现象.     

银杏叶提取物治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑损伤的机制

目的 探讨银杏叶提取物对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑损伤治疗作用的机制．方法 采用银杏叶提取物(GBE)治疗75例新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)，分别检测治疗前后患儿血浆中血小板活化因子(PAF)、一氧化氮(NO)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量．结果 治疗前后不同临床分度HIE患儿的PAF、NO和MDA含量均有显著性差异，临床疗效显著．结论 银杏叶提取物在治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑损伤方面有着较好的应用前景，其作用机理与GBE中的银杏萜内酯成分有关。     

人尿激酶原纤原受体识别区嵌合突变体的构建与表达

采用同源转座方法,构建了在尿激酶原K区138～139位点插入了赖氨酸甘氨酸天冬氨酸(KGD)序列的2种尿激酶原嵌合体基因(proUK-KGDW, proUK-KGDS),并以昆虫细胞SF9为宿主获得了高效表达,表达量在33.34 μkat·mL-1, 细胞密度为106·mL-1,表达高峰期表达产物占细胞总蛋白的15%以上.表达产物展示出较高的纤溶活性,并具有良好的人尿激酶原免疫原性,同时,经SDS-PAGE试验检测,昆虫细胞分泌的突变体相对分子质量符合理论预期,为5.4×104,绝大多数为单链态形式.经过离子交换、分子筛层析及超滤浓缩等步骤对突变体蛋白进行了初步纯化,光浊度法试验表明含有KGDW序列的尿激酶原突变体具有较强的血小板聚集抑制活性,而含有KGDS序列的突变体几乎不具有任何活性,表明羧基端边侧序列对KGD展示正常的受体结合活性影响较大.溶解圈试验表明2种突变体均保留了较高的纤溶活性,说明插入序列不影响尿激酶原的酶切活性.     

Snake venom components and their applications in biomedicine

Snake envenomation is a socio-medical problem of considerable magnitude. About 2.5 million people are bitten by snakes annually, more than 100,000 fatally. However, although bites can be deadly, snake venom is a natural biological resource that contains several components of potential therapeutic value. Venom has been used in the treatment of a variety of pathophysiological conditions in Ayurveda, homeopathy and folk medicine. With the advent of biotechnology, the efficacy of such treatments has been substantiated by purifying components of venom and delineating their therapeutic properties. This review will focus on certain snake venom components and their applications in health and disease. Received 6 July 2006; received after revision 14 August 2006; accepted 28 September 2006     

Role of serotonin in the hepato-gastroIntestinal tract: an old molecule for new perspectives

Beside its role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, serotonin appears to be a central physiologic mediator of many gastrointestinal (GI) functions and a mediator of the brain-gut connection. By acting directly and via modulation of the enteric nervous system, serotonin has numerous effects on the GI tract. The main gut disturbances in which serotonin is involved are acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, carcinoid syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome. Serotonin also has mitogenic properties. Platelet-derived serotonin is involved in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. In diseased liver, serotonin may play a crucial role in the progression of hepatic fibrosis and the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis. Better understanding of the role of the serotonin receptor subtypes and serotonin mechanisms of action in the liver and gut may open new therapeutic strategies in hepato-gastrointestinal diseases. Received 15 August 2007; received after revision 1 November 2007; accepted 5 November 2007     

ERK activation by Ca2+ ionophores depends on Ca2+ entry in lymphocytes but not in platelets, and does not conduct membrane scrambling

Rapid Ca²⁺-dependent phospholipid (PL) reorganization (scrambling) at the plasma membrane is a mechanism common to hematopoietic cells exposing procoagulant phosphatidylserine (PS). The aim of this research was to determine whether activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway was required for PL scrambling, based on a single report analyzing both responses induced by Ca²⁺ ionophores in megakaryoblastic HEL cells. Ca²⁺ ionophore-stimulated ERK phosphorylation was induced in platelets without external Ca²⁺, whereas exogenous Ca²⁺ entry was crucial for ERK activation in Jurkat T cells. In both cells, membrane scrambling only occurred following Ca²⁺ entry and was not blocked by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation. Furthermore, ERK proteins are strongly phosphorylated in transformed B lymphoblastic cell lines, which do not expose PS in their resting state. Overall, the data demonstrated that ERK activation and membrane scrambling are independent mechanisms. A. Arachiche, I. Badirou: These authors contributed equally to this work. Received 18 June 2008; received after revision 24 September 2008; accepted 1 October 2008     

成年男性血小板正常参考值与地理环境的关系

为了给制定中国成年男性血小板正常参考值的统一标准提供科学依据,收集了中国100个单位测定的12670例成年男性血小板正常参考值,应用SPSS统计软件,运用相关分析和回归分析的方法,研究了其与7项地理因素指标的关系。     

虎杖苷对血栓形成及血小板与中性粒细胞间相互作用的影响

 采用电刺激大鼠颈动脉血栓形成和结扎大鼠下腔静脉方法评价虎杖苷(polydatin,PD)的抗血栓形成作用;应用玫瑰花结试验和Born比浊法观察PD对血小板与中性粒细胞之间的相互作用.实验结果显示:PD对电刺激大鼠颈动脉及结扎大鼠下腔静脉引起的血栓形成具有明显的对抗作用;PD明显抑制凝血酶引起的血小板与中性粒细胞间的粘附作用和肉豆蔻佛波醇(N-formyl-methiongl-leucyl-phenylalanine,fMLP)激活的中性粒细胞悬液引起的血小板聚集作用,其半数抑制浓度(medium inhibitory concentration,IC₅₀)分别为51.9,307.6μmol/L.本实验提示PD有明显的抗血栓形成作用,其机制与阻抑血小板与中性粒细胞间的相互作用密切相关.