Endothelial Cell Culture on Different Phospholipid Surfaces *

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ERK activation by Ca2+ ionophores depends on Ca2+ entry in lymphocytes but not in platelets, and does not conduct membrane scrambling

Rapid Ca²⁺-dependent phospholipid (PL) reorganization (scrambling) at the plasma membrane is a mechanism common to hematopoietic cells exposing procoagulant phosphatidylserine (PS). The aim of this research was to determine whether activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway was required for PL scrambling, based on a single report analyzing both responses induced by Ca²⁺ ionophores in megakaryoblastic HEL cells. Ca²⁺ ionophore-stimulated ERK phosphorylation was induced in platelets without external Ca²⁺, whereas exogenous Ca²⁺ entry was crucial for ERK activation in Jurkat T cells. In both cells, membrane scrambling only occurred following Ca²⁺ entry and was not blocked by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation. Furthermore, ERK proteins are strongly phosphorylated in transformed B lymphoblastic cell lines, which do not expose PS in their resting state. Overall, the data demonstrated that ERK activation and membrane scrambling are independent mechanisms. A. Arachiche, I. Badirou: These authors contributed equally to this work. Received 18 June 2008; received after revision 24 September 2008; accepted 1 October 2008     

Cardiolipin, the heart of mitochondrial metabolism

Cardiolipin is a unique phospholipid, which is almost exclusively localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane where it is synthesized from phosphatidylglycerol and cytidinediphosphate-diacylglycerol. After primary synthesis, the mature acyl chain composition of cardiolipin is achieved by at least two remodeling mechanisms. In the mitochondrial membrane cardiolipin plays an important role in energy metabolism, mainly by providing stability for the individual enzymes and enzyme complexes involved in energy production. Moreover, cardiolipin is involved in different stages of the mitochondrial apoptotic process and in mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Cardiolipin alterations have been described in various pathological conditions. Patients suffering from Barth syndrome have an altered cardiolipin homeostasis caused by a primary deficiency in cardiolipin remodeling. Alterations in cardiolipin content or composition have also been reported in more frequent diseases such as diabetes and heart failure. In this review we provide an overview of cardiolipin metabolism, function and its role in different pathological states. Received 16 January 2008; received after revision 26 February 2008; accepted 26 March 2008     

大豆磷脂的生产,功能和用途

本文介绍了大豆磷脂的生产、功能和用途,讨论了大豆磷脂的经济价值.     

动物脑组织磷脂的薄层分离测定

以V(氯仿):V(无水乙醇):V(三乙胺):V(水)=10:11.3:11.7:2.7为展开剂,分别采用4种不同厂家生产的溴百里香酚蓝指示剂配制0.3%的溴百里香酚蓝水溶液(pH=7.0)作为显色剂,对牛脑组织中磷脂成分进行薄层层析分离和薄层扫描定量,该法分离、显色效果好,而且重现性、稳定性较好。     

萃取分离油和磷脂的研究

探讨了有机溶剂革取油脚中的中性油的机理．萃取实验结果表明；２５℃，溶剂比为１．０时，用乙酸乙脂作溶剂，磷脂在萃取相和萃余相的分配系数λｐ小于０．１，选择性系数β大于４４。     

胞二磷胆碱抑制贮存红细胞溶血作用的研究

贮存红细胞溶血的主要原因,现认为与能量代谢障碍和膜结构功能有密切关系.前文曾报导胞二磷胆碱(简称CDP胆碱)能抑制贮存红细胞的溶血,而且其作用主要不是通过能量代谢.本文试从CDP胆碱与红细胞膜磷脂的关系等方面作一些探索. 将去除血浆的红细胞贮存于代血浆中,看到CDP胆碱仍能抑制溶血.经测定血浆磷脂的含量,也没有发现CDP胆碱血和对照之间有明显差别.此结果提示CDP胆碱抑制红细胞溶血的作用与血浆并无联系,排除了通过与血浆进行磷脂交换来更新红细胞磷脂,从而抑制溶血的可能性.此外,还测定了CDP胆碱血和对照的红细胞膜磷脂含量,并用薄板层析法测定了卵磷脂和神经鞘磷脂的百分含量.结果显示,实验组并不比对照有所增高,这也表明CDP胆碱对红细胞膜磷脂含量没有显著增进作用. 除CDP胆碱以外,CMP也具有抑制贮存红细胞溶血的作用,其意义值得作进一步研究.     

Interaction of SynaptotagminⅠ with Phospholipid Membrane: A Monolayer Study

IntroductionSynaptotagmin is a family of vesicletransmembrane proteins present in synapticvesicles and large secretary granules of neuronsand endocrine cells[1 ] .It is a major constituent ofsynaptic vesicle membranes,comprising7% 8%of the total vesicle protein,characterized by ashort intravesiclar N-terminus,a singletransmembrane region,and a long plasmicdomain.　The best-charaterized form of synaptotagmin,syt ,is found abundantly in rostrol brain.Syt was first described in 1 981 [2 ] ,and i…