电刺激黄喉鹀上纹状体腹侧尾核对发声、呼吸和心搏的影响

采用电刺激的方法，对鸣禽黄喉（Ｅｍｂｅｒｉｚａｅｌｅｇａｎｓ）的上纹状体腹侧尾核（ＨＶ＿Ｃ）的发声控制及其它生理功能进行了初步地研究，结果如下：１）长串或短串电脉冲刺激ＨＶ＿Ｃ的不同区域，部引起鸣叫反应．２）长串电脉冲刺激ＨＶ＿Ｃ引起呼吸易化效应：表现为增频增幅的呼吸．３）短串电脉冲刺激ＨＶ＿Ｃ引起呼吸位相转换效应及呼气时程延长效应，如刺激落位于吸气相时，可迅速转换到呼气相；刺激落位于呼气相时，可使呼气时程延长，以配合鸣叫．４）电刺激ＨＶ＿Ｃ引起明显降心率效应．５）电刺激ＨＶ＿Ｃ引起明显的竖毛、瞳孔缩小及躯体运动等反应．结果表明，ＨＶ＿Ｃ除控制发声外，尚参与呼吸易化和降心率的调节．ＨＶ＿Ｃ对发声及呼吸的特异性调节作用，可能在鸣叫与呼吸的协调机制中起重要的作用．此外，ＨＶ＿Ｃ亦参与植物性及情绪性反应的调节．     

法国鹌鹑脑垂体神经叶的超微结构研究

用电子显微镜技术,对法国鹌鹑脑垂体神经叶的超微结构进行了研究,观察结果表明,脑垂体神经叶由无髓神经纤维及末梢、垂体细胞,室管膜细胞、毛细血管、结缔组织构成,无髓神经纤维末梢内含许多神经分泌颗粒,大多终止于有孔型毛细血管的基膜外,这为分泌物质放入血提供了有利条件,神经叶中漏斗隐有面有一层室管膜细胞,室管膜细胞基部与神经末梢紧密相接,此外胞质中可见微吞饮小泡,因此认为,室管膜细胞可能参与社会分泌物质的释放。     

Location of allatostatic centers in the pars lateralis regions of the brain of the Colorado potato beetle

Summary Selective lesions in the pars intercerebralis and pars lateralis areas of the brain of the adult Colorado potato beetle were produced by radiofrequency cautery. The effect of these lesions on the corpus allatum activity, determined by the short-term in vitro radiochemical assay, revealed that gland inhibitory centers are located in the pars lateralis.     

Photoperiodic regulation of mating behaviour in the linden bug,Pyrrhocoris apterus,is mediated by a brain inhibitory factor

Active inhibition of mating behaviour in a male insect is reported here for the first time. InPyrrhocoris apterus L. (Heteroptera), the most important inhibitory pathway runs from the pars intercerebralis (PI) of the brain and does not pass through the corpora allata. The inhibitory activity of the PI is promoted by short day conditions and suppressed by long days. As the effect of photoperiod is delayed, transfer procedures enabled us to record daily rhythms in mating behaviour during short days. While the extirpation of the PI results in a discrete phase shift of the long day rhythm, there is a much less significant phase shift after this operation during short days. Thus the PI has been shown to mediate the effect of photoperiod on both the inhibition and the rhythm of mating behaviour.     

Antidiuretic hormone involvement in the release of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone by hyperosmotic stimuli

Summary In the normal Wistar rat, the plasma -MSH level was raised by hypertonic saline injection (as compared with control rats injected with isotonic saline). No such rise in -MSH followed hypertonic saline administration in the Brattleboro (hereditary diabetes insipidus) animal (compared to isotonic saline injected controls). It is suggested that, in the rat, endogenous antidiuretic hormone is involved in the secretory response of the pars intermedia to osmotic stimuli.     

Estradiol-induced changes in TSH-like immunoreactivity of pituitary cells in female rats

Beta-thyrotropin (TSH)-producing cells in the pituitary pars distalis of female rats were studied using rabbit anti-rat beta-thyrotropin (TSH) serum and a peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical procedure. Animals were neonatally treated with 1 mg estradiol-dipropionate (EDP) and sacrificed at different stages of development up to adulthood. Intact females of the corresponding age served as the controls. Morphometry and stereology were used to evaluate the changes in TSH-cell number and volume densities of the cells and nuclei. All morphometric parameters examined in estradiol-treated animals showed a significant decrease in comparison with immunoreactive TSH cells of age-matched controls. The most prominent EDP-induced changes were evident in peripubertal 38-day-old rats, the number and volumetric densities of both TSH cells and their nuclei being reduced by about 90% compared to intact pituitary. This decrease in the number and volume densities of TSH cells in EDP-treated rats explicitly demonstrated that this hormone, applied neonatally, has an inhibitory effect on TSH-immunoreactive cells up to adulthood, in accordance with our earlier data obtained by light and electron microscopy.     

Immunohistochemical detection of a substance resembling growth hormone-releasing factor in the brain of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Summary We studied the distribution of an immunoreactive substance resembling growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland of the rainbow trout by immunofluorescence methods. The GRF-like immunoreactive perikaryon was observed in colchicine-treated fish. The majority of GRF-containing neurons were located in the nucleus lateral tuberis; others were located in the caudal part of the preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. The GRF-like immunoreactive neuronal processes projected into the pars distalis via the pars nervosa of the pituitary gland. The distribution of the GRF-like immunoreactive substance in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland suggests that GRF plays a physiological role in the regulation of growth hormone release from the pituitary gland of rainbow trout, as it does in mammals.