Some helminth parasites of marine fishes of South Africa: families Enenteridae,Opistholebetidae and Pleorchiidae (Digenea)

The following digeneans are described, recorded or figured from South African waters: Enenterum kyphosi and E. mannarense from Kyphosus vaigiensis; E. elsti, E. prudhoei, E. stinkvis sp. nov. and E. tongaatensis sp. nov. from Neoscorpis lithophilus; Pseudozakia hatampo from Pempheris oualensis; Opistholebes cotylophorus from Amblyrhynchotes honckenii; and Pleorchis sciaenae from Argyrosomus hololepidotus. The other taxa discussed are: family Enenteridae; genus Enenterum (including a key); and genus Opistholebes (syn: Pseudoheterolebes).     

New species of Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) from the Eastern Tropical Pacific

Monstrilloid copepods were collected from the oceanic island Isla del Coco in the Eastern Tropical Pacific; two undescribed species were found, one of Cymbasoma and one of Monstrillopsis. The first species, represented by females only, is distinguished by the structure of its fifth legs, the antennular armature and the position of the ovigerous spines. The new Monstrillopsis, represented by male specimens, is distinguished by its genital lappets and details of the antennule armature. The isolation of this island, 532 km from the mainland, and the limited dispersal means of monstrilloids suggest potential endemism of these species. A recent record of Cymbasoma tumorifrons from the Mexican Pacific was found to represent a new species of Cymbasoma. It can be distinguished from C. tumorifrons, probably a Mediterranean form, by its body shape and antennular armature. These findings double the number of monstrilloid species known from the Eastern Tropical Pacific.     

2013 年昆明地区实验用小鼠及豚鼠寄生虫及病毒感染情况调查

摘要: 目的 分别调查昆明市三家单位提供的共 90 只实验用 ICR 小鼠和 45 只实验用豚鼠的体内、外寄生虫感染 情况,以及小鼠及豚鼠仙台病毒(SeV)、小鼠肝炎病毒(MHV)、豚鼠淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎(LCMV) 的感染情况, 为实验动物质量管理提供一定的参考依据。方法 根据现行国家标准所描述的方法及病毒检测试剂盒说明书的 说明,对昆明市三家单位随机提供的共 90 只 ICR 小鼠和 45 只豚鼠样本,分别进行体内、外寄生虫、小鼠 MHV 及小 鼠 SeV、豚鼠 LCMV 及豚鼠 SeV 的检测。结果 昆明地区实验用小鼠及实验用豚鼠均检出体内、外寄生虫;3 只小 鼠检测出体外寄生虫,检出率为 3. 3% ;20 只小鼠检测出体内寄生虫卵,检出率为 22. 2% ; 4 只豚鼠检测出体外寄 生虫,检出率为 8. 9% ;9 只豚鼠检测出体内寄生虫卵,检出率为 20. 0% ;小鼠 MHV 及 SeV 血清学检测无阳性; 豚 鼠 LCMV、SeV 血清学检测无阳性。结论 实验动物质量监测是实验动物质量控制的有效手段,对医学及生命科学 的研究至关重要,昆明地区实验动物的寄生虫质量控制有待加强。     

核糖体DNA内转录间隔区序列标记在寄生虫学中的应用

目的：介绍核糖体DNA（rDNA）的内转录间隔区（ITS）序列的结构特征和在寄生虫学研究应用中的最新研究进展。方法：检索有关文献进行综合分析。结果：rDNA ITS1和ITS2序列为寄生虫的鉴定提供了非常有价值的遗传标记。结论：核糖体DNA上的ITS域序列的进化速度较其它区域快,具有高变异性,可以从中获得大量的遗传信息,已成为在种和亚种水平上对寄生虫进行分类鉴定的有效手段。     

家犬的寄生虫和实验动物寄生虫学等级及监测分析

文中列出了我国家犬的寄生虫名录,探讨了感染途径和防控要点;对国家实验动物标准GB 14922.1-2001中猴和犬寄生虫标准提出了一些建议,与同行商榷.     

New species and records of earthworms from Jamaica with notes on the genus Eutrigaster Cognetti, 1904 (Octochaetidae: Oligochaeta)

Details are presented of earthworm collections from Jamaica. Eleven species are reported, eight being new records of which two are new species, to bring the total number of species known from the island to 16 and the number of families represented to six. The geographical affinities of each species and its faunal status are summarized. The new species are members of the genus Eutrigaster Cognetti (Octochaetidae) whose validity is reviewed; a table is provided for the identification of the 11 Central American and Caribbean species currently included in the genus.     

Haematozoans,mites and body condition in the oceanic island lizard Gallotia atlantica (Peters and Doria, 1882) (Reptilia: Lacertidae)

We studied relationships among blood haemogregarines (Apicomplexa), ectoparasitic mites (Ophyonissus; Acari: Trombiculidae) and an endemic lizard host (Gallotia atlantica, Lacertidae) on an oceanic islet (Alegranza, Canary Islands). We asked whether blood infection, mite load and body condition were related in lizard subpopulations at two contrasting habitats. Both haemogregarine prevalence (100%) and intensity of parasitism (>1) were strikingly higher than values found for congeneric lizards from the other Canary Islands. There were few differences between habitats in infection levels, suggesting low influence of habitat on parasite performance. Both mite prevalence and intensity were very high, though only prevalence differed between habitats (higher in the richest and climatically more sheltered site). Body condition in lizards did not differ significantly between habitats. We found no association among blood parasite load, mite infection and lizard body condition. Results are discussed in the context of parasite‐host relationships on small islands as compared to larger areas such as continents.