Determination of diel periodicity of sex pheromone release in three species of Lepidoptera by ‘closed-loop-stripping’

Summary By means of closed-loop-stripping and subsequent GC analyses the diel periodicity of release of (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, the main constituents of the respective sex pheromone blends ofMamestra brassicae, Cryptophlebia leucotreta andSpodoptera sunia females, was determined.Pheromones, 64. For the 63rd contribution we have taken from: Szöcs, G., Toth, M., Bestmann, H. J., Vostrowsky, O., Heath, R. R., and Tumlinson, J. H., Z. Naturforsch.42c (1987) 165; Pheromones, 62: Bestmann et al.¹³.     

Chemical attraction of the eastern yellowjacket,Vespula maculifrons (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Summary Workers and queens of the eastern yellowjacket,Vespula maculifrons, are attracted to the artificial long-range attractant pheromone of the predaceous pentatomid,Podisus maculiventris. A 11 mixture of linalool or -terpineol and (E)-2-hexenal is as attractive toV. maculifrons workers as the pheromone.We thank A.S. Menke of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, for identifying the yellowjackets. Mention of a company name does not imply endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture.     

Dissection of the pheromone-modulated flight of moths using single-pulse response as a template

The upwind flight of male moths to conspecific females is mediated by the chemical and structural characteristics of a pheromone plume. We describe the reaction of maleCadra cautella, the almond moth, to the interception of single pulses of sex pheromone, the smallest structural units of odour plumes. Following loss of a pheromone plume, males cast, that is fly a crosswind course without progressing upwind. The response of casting males to interception of a pulse of 0.25 s duration was, after a delay of 0.21±0.07 s, to turn and briefly fly straighter upwind, resulting in average net upwind displacements of 18 cm in a 50 cm s^–1 wind. Upwind progress in the single-pulse response was the result of steering more upwind and an increase in airspeed, although average ground speed remained unchanged. During the last third of the surge, males turned crosswind, returning to casting flight. These behavioural reactions to pheromone contact and loss support the phasic-tonic model of odour-modulated flight, in which an underlying tonic counterturning rhythm, expressed upon pheromone loss, is briefly overridden by phasic upwind surges, expressed upon interception of the pheromone filament. The surge portion of the cast-surge-cast response was diminished and more crosswind if individual pulses were shorter (0.02 s), probably due to sub-optimal contact with pheromone. The cast-surge-cast response to interception of a single 0.25 s pulse was used as a template to interpret the form of flight tracks in plumes of known structure. The template matched portions of flight tracks of males flying in plumes of low pheromone pulse frequency, thus reflecting the male's pattern of pulse encounter. In plumes ensuring a high frequency of pulse interception, only the upwind surge portion of the template was expressed, resulting in nearly straight upwind flight tracks. Similar nearly straight upwind flight tracks occurred in flights along plumes of low pulse frequency with large volume. Thus flight tracks of maleC. cautella to point sources of pheromone depend on both the frequency and the size of filaments encountered.     

八肋游仆虫信息素在大肠杆菌中的表达

信息素在八肋游仆虫接合生殖过程中起着重要的诱导配对作用，为了进一步研究其诱导机制，根据已知的基因序列，应用PCR技术，扩增信息素G3基因，并将该基因插入表达载体pGEX-6P1中，构建了重组表达质粒pGEX-6P1-G3．重组菌在37℃下，经1．0mmol／L IPTG诱导，12％SDS-PAGE分析，在37kDa处出现明显的特异目的带。     

基于蚁群算法的敏捷供应链伙伴选择

伙伴选择是在组建敏捷供应链过程中的关键问题。引入蚁群优化来解决这一问题,提出了一种基于蚁群算法的敏捷供应链伙伴选择优化算法。在求解过程中蚂蚁倾向于选择曾经合作过并且合作效果比较好的企业作为伙伴并组成供应链,体现了熟人机制;“自适应扰动机制”可以避免算法的早熟。最后以一个典型算例说明了该算法的有效性。     

蚁群算法的全局收敛性研究及改进

针对蚁群算法(ACA)寻优性质优良,但搜索时间长、收敛速度慢、易限于局部最优解,从而使其进一步推广应用受到局限的问题,对算法的全局收敛性进行了深入的理论研究,并从改善全局收敛性的角度对算法作了一系列改进,最后对Bayes29这一典型的TSP问题进行了仿真实验。实验结果证明,改进后的蚁群算法具有很好的全局收敛性能。这为蚁群算法的进一步理论研究打下了很好的基础,对其在各优化领域中的推广应用具有重要意义。     

CCN中一种非混合式蚁群路由优化策略

蚁群优化(ant colony optimization,ACO)近年来在信息中心网络(content centric networking,CCN)路由领域的应用逐渐增多,其中,将ACO与其他机制相混合以改善路由性能的策略得到较多研究,但基于蚁群优化的混合式算法通常存在可扩展性低下,动态性差,网络成本高等问题。为此提出一种高效的非混合式蚁群路由算法(irritant ant framework,IAF)。添加一个新维度—一种动态的、仿生物的信息素分层,将传统单级别信息素上升为多级别信息素,增强蚁群对于路径的探索程度,抑制算法过早收敛;并且考虑了节点状态的动态性,实时改变信息素等级以选择最佳转发路径;此外,首次考虑了节点缓存特性对信息素更新策略的影响,构造出全新的信息素更新公式,,减小算法的收敛时间。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地降低内容请求时延,提升缓存命中率,以较低的开销获得良好的CCN路由性能。     

改进型蚁群算法在Job Shop问题中的应用

应用改进型蚁群算法解决车间作业调度问题。在原有标准蚁群算法的基础上采用了新的状态转移规则,讨论了各种不同的轨迹更新规则对仿真结果的影响,并通过统计数据验证了改进型蚁群算法优于标准的蚁群优化算法。由于算法中的参数对算法的求解效率和求解结果都有一定的影响,所以对此也进行了初步的研究,得到了运行较好的参数取值范围。     

蚁群优化算法的原理及其应用

蚁群优化算法是近年来出现的一种新的启发式搜索算法,首先介绍了蚁群算法的基本原理,然后着重讨论了如何将其用于求解旅行商问题(TSP),最后分析了蚁群算法的一些基本特征.     

基于蚁群算法的FMS工艺路线的优化配置

柔性制造系统在工业发展中的作用越来越大,而如何使柔性制造系统发挥最大的功效则是现阶段面临的一个主要问题。文章基于蚁群思想,提出了一种融合网格法的蚁群算法来求解柔性制造系统工艺路线优化配置的方法。算例结果证明,该算法能使系统设备工作负荷达到均衡,从而提高系统工作效率。