电子受体对同步脱氮除磷的影响

在序批式反应器(SBR)系统内,利用活性污泥法,考察厌氧、缺氧、好氧组合工艺与厌氧、缺氧工艺中,硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的存在、不同电子受体出现的顺序对同步脱氮除磷工艺的除磷影响,并讨论了在实现缺氧聚磷条件下,厌氧缺氧好氧工艺碳源的需求量。试验结果表明:反硝化聚磷是一种稳定的代谢行为,聚磷菌可以利用硝酸盐强化除磷;对于实现缺氧聚磷,硝酸盐的作用远远优于亚硝酸盐;亚硝酸盐的存在(<16.1mg.L-1)则对聚磷无明显影响;聚磷菌利用电子受体是以其存在的顺序而依次发生的,且这种利用能力不受电子受体转换的影响;在硝酸盐替代氧为电子受体的同步脱氮除磷工艺中,碳源需求将比传统工艺减少30%以上。     

NFT栽培下不同营养液对提高蔬菜营养的作用

在营养液膜技术（ＮｕｔｒｉｅｎｔＦｉｌｍＴｅｃｈｉｎｉｑｕｅ简称ＮＦＴ）栽培下，研究不同营养液配方对蔬菜的生理效应和提高某些元素的作用．试验结果表明，在一定的浓度范围内增加营养液中的氮素营养，可促使植株氮素的吸收，加速氮素代谢，促进硝酸还原酶的活力及叶片总氮量的增加．适当增加营养液中Ｚｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｃａ的含量，可促进植株对Ｚｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｃａ的吸收，从而提高植株内人体所必需的微量元素含量，培养优质、富营养卫生的保健蔬菜．     

层流剪切力对悬浮培养红豆杉细胞HMGR酶基因转录的影响

以HMGR酶基因为研究对象,采用实时荧光RT-PCR技术,研究了Couette式反应器中0．3 Pa层流剪切力作用后悬浮培养的对数期东北红豆杉细胞HMGR酶基因转录情况．结果显示,在对数生长时期,未经剪切处理的悬浮培养虹豆杉细胞HMGR基因转录水平呈增长趋势,而剪切处理后的悬浮培养红豆杉细胞HMGR基因转录水平则基本保持不变．同时,对相应细胞生物量的测定结果也显示出类似的变化．以上结果说明在对数生长时期施加一定强度的剪切力,将使细胞生长发生停滞,谊生长停滞现象可能与因剪切所引起的HMGR基因转录水平下降有一定相关性．     

高氨氮猪场废水的亚硝酸型脱氮研究

猪场废水脱氮处理前一般要经过厌氧消化处理，完全厌氧消化能去除废水中大部分有机物，但这同时降低了废水中的COD/NH4^ -N(1-3)，根据厌氧消化四阶段理论，控制厌氧消化到水解或产乙酸阶段，使废水中的COD/NH4^ -N维持在较高的水平(7-10)，为后续脱氮处理创造条件，本实验对比分析了运用缺氧/好氧SBR工艺处理这两种COD/NH4^ -N不同的废水的脱氮效果，实验结果表明：两的脱氮过程都是通过短程硝化反硝化实现的，反应器中的NH4^ -N浓度和pH值是控制亚硝酸型硝化的重要因素，经过部分厌氧消化的废水由于保持了较高的COD/NH4^ -N脱氮效果明显好于完全厌氧消化废水，NH4 -N去除率达到98％以上，但出水反硝化不完全，投加乙酸钠后出水NOx^--N减少到10-20mg/L，投加量以275mg/L为宜。     

高产木糖醇酵母菌的筛选鉴定及两级法发酵特性

从300多种土壤样品中进行筛选,最终得到10株可耐受300 g/L木糖的酵母菌株,且其木糖醇转化率超过64.0%.其中酵母菌株SB18在150 g/L木糖下的木糖醇转化率为68.5%,为相同条件下转化率最大的菌株,并经18SrDNA测序鉴定为热带假丝酵母.酶活测定结果显示SB18木糖还原酶主要依赖辅因子还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH),其酶活性远大于木糖醇脱氢酶活性.对SB18进行两级法发酵条件研究,确定补充氮源为尿素和酵母提取物,接种量为0.5 g/L,转速转换时间为36 h.在此条件下由250 g/L木糖摇瓶发酵252 h得到207.65 g/L木糖醇,转化率为83.1%,达到理论值的91.8%.本研究表明酵母菌SB18在高浓度木糖醇的工业生产中具有很大的应用潜力.     

COD/N对亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化脱氮的影响

采用序批式活性污泥法,对人工配制的城市污水,通过控制泥龄成功实现亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化,并考察了不同COD/N对亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化效果的影响.试验结果显示:适宜的泥龄下,在控制适宜的pH、DO及COD:N为6.5左右的条件下,COD、氨氮和总氮的去除率分别可达90%~95%、99%左右、90%以上.因此,适宜的泥龄时,控制反应器内适宜的COD/N,可以使亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化取得很好的效果.     

Selectivity determinants of the aldose and aldehyde reductase inhibitor-binding sites

Aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase belong to the aldo-keto reductase superfamily of enzymes whose members are responsible for a wide variety of biological functions. Aldose reductase has been identified as the first enzyme involved in the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism which converts glucose into sorbitol. Glucose over-utilization through the polyol pathway has been linked to tissue-based pathologies associated with diabetes complications, which make the development of a potent aldose reductase inhibitor an obvious and attractive strategy to prevent or delay the onset and progression of the complications. Structural studies of aldose reductase and the homologous aldehyde reductase in complex with inhibitor were carried out to explain the difference in the potency of enzyme inhibition. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of previous studies to aid the development of aldose reductase inhibitors that may have less toxicity problems than the currently available ones. Received 4 December 2006; received after revision 12 February 2007; accepted 20 April 2007     

Diversity in enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductases

The enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR) is the last enzyme in the fatty acid elongation cycle. Unlike most enzymes in this essential pathway, ENR displays an unusual diversity among organisms. The growing interest in ENRs is mainly due to the fact that a variety of both synthetic and natural antibacterial compounds are shown to specifically target their activity. The primary anti-tuberculosis drug, isoniazid, and the broadly used antibacterial compound, triclosan, both target this enzyme. In this review, we discuss the diversity of ENRs, and their inhibitors in the light of current research progress. Received 3 November 2008; received after revision 5 December 2008; accepted 8 December 2008     

Digoxin and ouabain increase the synthesis of cholesterol in human liver cells

Digoxin and ouabain are steroid drugs that inhibit the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, and are widely used in the treatment of heart diseases. They may also have additional effects, such as on metabolism of steroid hormones, although until now no evidence has been provided about the effects of these cardioactive glycosides on the synthesis of cholesterol. Here we report that digoxin and ouabain increased the synthesis of cholesterol in human liver HepG2 cells, enhancing the activity and the expression of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme of the cholesterol synthesis. This effect was mediated by the binding of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) to the HMGCR promoter, and was lost in cells silenced for SREBP-2 or loaded with increasing amounts of cholesterol. Digoxin and ouabain competed with cholesterol for binding to the SREBP-cleavage-activating protein, and are critical regulators of cholesterol synthesis in human liver cells. Received 10 January 2009; received after revision 11 February 2009; accepted 6 March 2009     

游离氯对曝气生物滤池短程硝化的影响

研究投加游离氯对曝气生物滤池(BAF)实现短程硝化的可行性,考察游离氯对亚硝酸盐积累的作用规律,并探讨改变加氯量和氯的投加方式对稳定维持BAF亚硝酸盐积累的影响。研究结果表明,通过加氯可以实现曝气生物滤池亚硝酸盐的积累;当进水游离氯质量浓度为4 mg/L时,BAF系统连续运行20 d后亚硝酸盐积累率可达60%~70%;当系统形成稳定的亚硝酸盐积累时,降低进水游离氯的质量浓度能够稳定维持亚硝酸盐积累;间歇加氯在一定程度上也能够维持亚硝酸盐积累。