婴幼儿肌肉注射法及探索

主要论述婴幼儿肌肉注射时应注意的若干问题，井针对婴幼儿的生理特点，介绍其心理疗法。     

Aminoglycoside antibiotics: old drugs and new therapeutic approaches

Aminoglycoside antibiotics kill bacteria by binding to the ribosomal decoding site and reducing fidelity of protein synthesis. Since the discovery of these natural products over 50 years ago, aminoglycosides have provided a mainstay of antibacterial therapy of serious Gram-negative infections. In recent years, aminoglycosides have become important tools to study molecular recognition of ribonucleic acid (RNA). In an ingenious exploitation of the aminoglycosides’ mechanism of action, it has been speculated that drug-induced readthrough of premature stop codons in mutated messenger RNAs might be used to treat patients suffering from certain heritable genetic disorders. Received 23 January 2007; received after revision 25 February 2007; accepted 29 March 2007     

Understanding the importance of selenium and selenoproteins in muscle function

Selenium is an essential trace element. In cattle, selenium deficiency causes dysfunction of various organs, including skeletal and cardiac muscles. In humans as well, lack of selenium is associated with many disorders, but despite accumulation of clinical reports, muscle diseases are not generally considered on the list. The goal of this review is to establish the connection between clinical observations and the most recent advances obtained in selenium biology. Recent results about a possible role of selenium-containing proteins in muscle formation and repair have been collected. Selenoprotein N is the first selenoprotein linked to genetic disorders consisting of different forms of congenital muscular dystrophies. Understanding the muscle disorders associated with selenium deficiency or selenoprotein N dysfunction is an essential step in defining the causes of the disease and obtaining a better comprehension of the mechanisms involved in muscle formation and maintenance. Received 13 July 2005; received after revision 9 September 2005; accepted 4 October 2005     

梅花鹿宫精Ⅱ号对人体某些生理功能的影响

以新鲜梅花鹿胎盘为主要成份的保健品——梅花鹿宫精Ⅱ号,能够明显提高人体的运动能力。经检测3个人体生理指标,即本品对人体运动后肌肉耐力的影响,对人体运动性血压增幅的影响;对人体运动性心率增幅的影响。结果3项指标均显示出有意义的变化。服药5天后,给药组拉动肌力计次数比对照组增加40.36％;服药1天后,给药组血压增幅比对照组减少30.8％;服药5天后,给药组血压增幅比对照组减少48.05％;服药1天后,给药组心率增幅比对照组减少53.42％;服药5天后,给药组心率增幅比对照组减少46.28％。提示 梅花鹿宫精Ⅱ号能明显提高人体运动能力。     

Triplet repeat disorders: discussion of molecular mechanisms

Comparison of the growing number of disorders known to be associated with triplet repeat expansions reveals both common features and a diversity of molecular pathways. Despite significant progress towards the characterization of proteins coded by the mutant genes, the complex nature of these disorders requires identification of all molecular components of the triplet repeat pathways. In this brief review we will discuss recent progress in determining the molecular mechanisms of disorders with unstable trinucleotide mutations. Received 13 January 1999; received after revision 8 March 1999; accepted 9 March 1999     

Presence of NAD pyrophosphorylase in skeletal muscle in dystrophic mice

Summary NAD pyrophosphorylase (ATP:NMN adenylyltransferase) activity has been measured in the skeletal muscle of dystrophic mice. The amount of this enzyme in the dystrophic mice, as determined by three different methods, was about one half of that in the controls. In addition, the concentration of ATP was too low to be detected in crude extracts of dystrophic mouse skeletal muscle, which were prepared using Tris buffer alone or Tris buffer containing either 3 M KCl, or 1 mM PMSF.     

Congenital muscular dystrophy: molecular and cellular aspects

The congenital muscular dystrophies are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders. Each form has a characteristic phenotype, but there is overlap between some entities and their classification is based on a combination of clinical features and the primary or secondary protein defect. Recent studies have identified the genetic basis of a number of congenital muscular dystrophies (11 genes in total) and have recognised a novel pathological mechanism that highlights the importance of the correct posttranslational processing of proteins, in particular -dystroglycan. Diagnosis of these conditions has been aided by the availability of specific antibodies for each protein and a better understanding of the protein changes that accompany each condition. In this review we present the major molecular, clinical and diagnostic aspects of each group of congenital muscular dystrophy with an emphasis in the more recent developments.Received 11 December 2004; accepted 15 December 2004     

人工神经网络和支持向量机性能比较及其在DMD疾病识别中的应用

对人工神经网络(ANN)和支持向量机(SVM)这两种机器学习方法进行了分析与比较,并分别利用两种算法对神经肌肉罕见病DMD的磁共振图像(MRI)数据进行建模、分类预测.经对比后得出结论:两种算法结果均表明,DMD的两类MRI(T1和T2)中,T1更具特征性,故此类患者的MRI检查可仅进行T1扫描;若能选择合适的模型参数,则两种算法模型均具有极好的分类预测效果,其灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别高达98.5%,97.3%,97.9%和96.9%,97.3%,97.1%;利用机器学习方法对DMD患者的MRI进行分析处理可作为该病无创检测的技术探索,有望为临床提供客观有效的辅助诊断手段.     

基于表面肌电信号的绝缘手套法带电作业人员上肢肌肉疲劳分析

绝缘手套法是配网带电作业的主要作业方式,为获取穿戴绝缘手套的带电作业人员上肢肌肉的疲劳特性及其诱发的肌肉骨骼系统疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)的风险,开展了基于表面肌电信号(surface electromyogra-phy,sEMG)的绝缘手套法带电作业人员上肢肌肉疲劳评估研究.针对配网绝缘手套法的典型作业工况,搭建了绝缘手套法带电作业上肢的sEMG试验平台,采集受试者上肢(右手)各目标肌肉在是否穿戴绝缘手套下的sEMG信号;基于时域特征参数积分肌电值(integrated electromyography,IEMG)、均方根值(root mean square,RMS)及频域特征参数平均功率频率(mean power frequency,MPF)、中位频率(median frequency,MDF)对绝缘手套的上肢肌肉疲劳特征进行评估;基于支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)构建了带电作业人员上肢肱桡肌疲劳状态识别模型.结果表明:穿戴绝缘手套作业时各目标肌肉更容易进入疲劳状态;穿戴绝缘手套作业时,作业人员上肢部位的肱桡肌、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、三角肌的疲劳程度依次递减,与仿真计算的分析结果一致;sEMG时域特征参数IEMG、RMS对作业人员上肢肌肉疲劳的表征效果要优于频域特征参数MPF和MDF;带电作业人员上肢肱桡肌疲劳状态识别模型总体平均准确率为86.56％,能有效识别上肢肱桡肌肌肉疲劳状态.