Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α4 Subunit Gene Variation Associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Previous pharmacological, human genetics, and animal models have implicated the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α4 subunit (CHRNA4) gene in the pathogenesis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective of this study is to examine the genetic association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CHRNA4 gene (rs2273502, rs1044396, rs1044397, and rs3827020 loci) and ADHD. Both case-control and family-based designs are used. Children aged 6 to 16 years were interviewed and assessed wi...     

行为疗法、针灸疗法结合专注达治疗儿童多动症疗效及安全性观察

目的:寻找治疗儿童多动症(ADHD)有效且不良反应少的治疗方案。方法:根据纳入和排除标准纳入120例ADHD患儿,随机分为A、B、C 3组,每组40例;A组接受药物治疗配合心理行为治疗,B组接受药物治疗配合针灸治疗,C组接受单纯药物治疗;比较3组临床疗效、Conners多动指数治疗前后变化以及药物不良反应等指标。结果:3组患儿治疗前后临床疗效比较差异有统计学意义,两两比较发现,A组与C组临床疗效差异有统计学意义;3组患儿治疗前后CIH评分经配对t检验比较差异有统计学意义;治疗后CIH 3组间比较差异有统计学意义,两两比较显示C组与A组、B组差异有统计学意义;经观察发现3组患儿均出现药物不良反应,其中,B组较A组、C组出现的药物不良反应少。结论:3种治疗方案均能显著改善多动症患儿的症状,且行为治疗增强专注达临床疗效的效果明显,而针灸治疗减少专注达不良反应效果明显,可将行为治疗、针灸疗法与药物治疗结合使用,以提高治疗方案的有效性及安全性。     

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α4 Subunit Gene Variation Associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Previous pharmacological, human genetics, and animal models have implicated the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α4 subunit (CHRNA4) gene in the pathogenesis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective of this study is to examine the genetic association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CHRNA4 gene (rs2273502, rs1044396, rs1044397, and rs3827020 loci) and ADHD. Both case-control and family-based designs are used. Children aged 6 to 16 years were interviewed and assessed with the children behavior checklist and the revised conner' parent rating scale to identify probands. No significant differences in the frequency distribution of genotypes or alleles were found between the case and control groups. However, further haplotype analyses showed the CCGG haplotype on risk for ADHD in 164 case-control samples and the standard transmission disequilibrium test analyses suggest that the allele C of rs2273502 was over-transferred in 98 ADHD parent-offspring trios. These findings suggest that the CHRNA4 gene may play a role in the pathogenesis of ADHD.     

大学生注意力缺陷过动症的评估及应对策略

注意力缺陷过动症（ADHD）一直被认为仅仅是儿童或青少年期的症状,其在我国成人及大学生中的发病情况尚未受到足够的重视,特别是对于轻度症状、情绪失调及隐性学习障碍者,鲜有这方面的研究。对成人及大学生中ADHD的诸多原因进行剖析,并且对其不同类型,包括隐匿性缺陷等类型从发病史、神经心理、心理教育到情感波动进行全面评估。针对大学生的特殊需求提出了适当干预及应对措施,以期有助于缓解或抵消情绪失调造成的影响,减轻和消除ADHD对个人、家庭和社会的损害,促其学有所成,由社会的负担变为创造财富之人。     

Circling behavior induced by phencyclidine in mice and its inhibition by naloxone

Summary Phencyclidine (PCP), when given to mice, induces general hyperactivity and rapid circling, similar to that caused by morphine. These effects are partially antagonized by naloxone.Acknowledgment. We are grateful to Professor A. Kalir for the donation of PCP. Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to A. M. Korczyn.     

成人注意缺陷多动障碍额叶网络异质性

神经影像学研究表明注意缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)与额叶-纹状体网络功能异质有密切关系。利用静息态功能磁共振数据,探讨成人ADHD组和健康对照组的功能连通性(FC)是否有差异。获取成人ADHD组(N=20)和健康对照组(N=20)的血氧水平依赖(BOLD)信号,以腹内侧前额叶皮质(vmPFC)为感兴趣区进行功能相关分析,使用皮尔森相关系数为衡量功能相关强度的指标。经两样本统计分析,成人注意缺陷多动障碍组左侧眶额叶、右后外侧前额叶皮层、角回与vmPFC正相关性较对照组均存在显著的增强(p<0.01,经Alphasim);成人注意缺陷多动障碍组较对照组右侧背外额中回与vmPFC负相关性有所下降(p<0.01,经Alphasim)。进一步证明了前额叶与其他脑区的连通性存在差异,成人ADHD前额叶默认网络存在功能失调。     

在职培训对小学教师指导注意缺陷多动障碍儿童能力的影响——北京市教师培训的实证研究

为考察在职培训对小学教师指导注意缺陷多动障碍儿童能力的影响,采用前后测设计,从北京市选取53名小学教师为实验组,59名小学教师为对照组。实验组教师进行两周1次,共6次的在职培训;对照组教师不进行任何干预。培训前后,采取问卷调查的方式对两组教师进行测评。结果表明:1)在职培训提高了教师对ADHD儿童的了解程度,实验组教师关于ADHD儿童的致病原因、症状表现和治疗方法三方面的知识水平都有所提高;2)在职培训改变了教师对ADHD儿童的消极信念,实验组教师在负面的班级影响和自我效能感两个方面发生积极的改变;3)在职培训使教师习得更多的ADHD儿童辅导策略,实验组教师在家校沟通、积极强化、个性化的行为辅导和学业辅导4个策略的运用方面都有所提升。     

Pentobarbital-induced phase shifts of circadian rhythms of locomotor activity are not mediated through stimulated activity in mice

Summary The possibility that phase shifts of circadian rhythms of locomotor activity induced by pentobarbital injections are mediated through hyperactivity after recovery from the sedative condition was tested in DBA/2 mice. The mice were restrained for 3 h in a tube immediately after injections of pentobarbital at either CT 9 or CT 0. The results indicated that immobilization did not block the phase shifts, suggesting that pentobarbital-induced phase shifts are not due to increasing the level of activity.