Some citrus chitinases also possess chitosanase activities

Several acidic chitinase and chitosanase isoforms were found in 4-week-old nonembryogenic sweet orange (Valencia [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]) callus tissue. Two isoforms (designated A1-CF1 and A1-CF2) were purified to homogeneity using HPLC size exclusion, anion exchange, and chromatofocusing techniques. Both hydrolase isoforms exhibited activity with either colloidal chitin or solubilized shrimp shell chitosan. Specific activities for the purified isoforms could not be calculated because of the lack of protein and contamination of ampholytes. However, the specific activities for chitinase and chitosanase after anion exchange were respectively 404 nmol GlcNAc per min per mg protein and 2,475 nmol GlcN per min per mg protein. The M_r for both enzymes was 30,500. The homogeneous proteins cross-reacted in western blots with antiserum against a basic class I potato leaf chitinase.     

Hepatic acid hydrolases of albino rats,Mastomys natalensis and albino mice duringPlasmodium berghei infection

Summary Changes in liver acid hydrolase activities during the infection of albino rats,Mastomys or mice withPlasmodium berghei are described. B-Glucosidase, B-galactosidase and N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase exhibited widely different responses with acid phosphatase and cathepsin-B the least responsive and are likely to be causally related to immunity of animals.     

口腔细菌表面糖苷酶的生物学功能研究

口腔细菌是引起龋齿的关键因素。口腔细菌和黏附在牙齿表面的唾液大分子相互作用,在牙齿表面形成早期牙菌斑生物膜,随后更多的细菌加入到生物膜中生长并最终导致龋齿和牙周炎等疾病。唾液为细菌的黏附提供配体,为细菌的生长提供碳源和氮源,但是细菌如何利用以及利用哪些唾液大分子进行生长还不清楚。许多口腔细菌细胞表面和细胞内有不同的糖苷酶水解糖链。本综述总结了笔者对口腔细菌的研究,揭示不同细菌利用人的唾液生长的能力不同,有的生长良好,有的甚至不能单独在唾液中生长;而口腔共生菌Streptococcus gordonii DL1在唾液中生长良好是依赖于细菌表面的3个糖苷酶,它们捕食唾液中富含脯氨酸的糖蛋白的N-糖链,是该细菌在唾液中生长关键的第一步;而且不同的糖苷酶对底物有严格的特异性,糖链只能被依次水解。不同细菌表面有不同的糖苷酶,能够合作水解糖链从而在唾液中相互喂养并在牙齿表面共生,是笔者下一步的研究方向。     

烤烟叶面微生物5种水解酶的产生、温度稳定性及其在烟叶人工陈化中的应用

研究了烤烟叶面微生物菌株5种水解酶（β 淀粉酶、糖化酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶和蛋白酶）的诱导产生及其温度稳定性,结果发现培养基中分别添加0.2%的5种水解酶相应的诱导物,对所研究的烤烟叶面微生物菌株5种水解酶的产生均具有诱导作用.5种水解酶在60?℃时均不稳定,易失活;50?℃时,除果胶酶外,其他4种水解酶的温度稳定性较好.在对5种水解酶60?℃保温2?h过程中所取的样品测定酶活时发现,60?℃反应所得的酶活都高于各自酶活测定常规方法中所用温度反应所得的酶活.用烤烟叶面微生物及其产生的5种水解酶组合成6种不同配方,对2个品种的烤烟进行了为期6个月的人工陈化试验,结果是人工陈化2个月后试验样品评吸总分普遍高于对照样品.本研究为进行烤烟人工陈化以缩短烤烟自然陈化周期、改善烟叶内在品质奠定了基础.     

淀粉酶的分类及应用研究进展

淀粉酶是催化水解淀粉分子内糖苷键的一类酶的总称,因其氨基酸序列多样、来源广泛以及性质差异大,分类方法也有多种方式,比较主流的是以淀粉水解产物异头碳的构型来划分为α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶。目前已有多种淀粉酶被成功商业化,广泛应用于各行业中,本文对淀粉酶的一些分类方法及其应用进行综述。     

Duplication and Combination of P-Loop Containing Nucleotide Triphosphate Hydrolases Superfamily

In a genome the set of proteins are formed by duplication and combination of domain superfamilies. P-loop containing nucleotide triphosphate （NTP） hydrolases superfamily is massively duplicated and has the most different partner superfamilies among archaea, bacteria and eukarya, Here, we study the distributions of duplication and combination of p-loop containing NTP hydrolases superfamily in 169 completed genomes. When the total number of domains in a genome is larger, duplication and combination partners of p-loop conraining NTP hydrolases are more. This phenomenon is more obvious in metazoa. The distributions of abundance and corn bination of partners relate to the functions of the protein. Those distributions in metazoa are very different from those in other kingdoms because of complexity of metazoa. Finally the relationship between duplication and combination of p-loop containing NTP hydrolases superfamily in different genomes is described. It fits a power law.     

Selective effects of PHA on rat brush border hydrolases along the crypt-villus axis

Summary The mechanism of the toxicity of lectin fromPhaseolus vulgaris seeds has been investigated on rat enterocytes. Cell isolation procedures showed a selectivity in the loss of brush border hydrolases; this indicated that the microvilli blebbing was not the only mechanism of action of lectins on rat enterocytes.