Isolation and purification of BVⅠ-2H from bee venom and analysis of its biological action

The medical use of bee venom for rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) has a very long tradition. In this study, isolation and purification of polypeptides from bee venom were carried out on sephadex chromatography, heparin sepharose CL-6B chromatography and HPLC. Several fractions were extracted, and their effects on activation of splenocyte and THP-1 cell were studied. The inhibitory fraction was selected for further studies. Finally, BVⅠ-2H that the HPLC elution profiles was a single peak was isolated by C8 column. ESI- MS detection results showed that BVⅠ-2H was a fraction of bee venom, and the molecular weight of the major component was 644.8. BVⅠ-2H could inhibit ConA-induced splenocyte proliferation, IL-1 production and interfere with splenocyte cycle in mice. Moreover, BVⅠ-2H could inhibit PMA-induced TNFα production in THP-1 cells, which was due to its inhibitory effects on TNFα mRNA expression and protein phosphorylation of IκBα. Our studies indicated that BVⅠ-2H was one of the anti-inflammatory components of bee venom.     

Mitochondrial DNA evidence for the 19th century introduction of African honey bees into the United States

Since the introduction of an African subspecies into Brazil in the mid-1950's¹, descendent Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) have spread throughout the Neotropics and into temperate North America. Restriction enzyme analysis of 422 feral honey bee colonies collected from non-Africanized areas in the southern United States revealed that over 21% of them had mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) derived from a European race established in North America by the 17th century, 77% of them had mtDNA common in honey bees maintained by beekeepers and about 1% exhibited African mtDNA. Further analysis revealed that the African mtDNA was derived from a north African subspecies imported to the US in the 19th century.     

纯天然蜂王浆口服液的研究

纯天然蜂王浆口服液是王浆蜜的第２代产品，由优质蜂王浆和优质蜂蜜精制而成。其特点是不含任何化学添加剂，完全保持纯天然状态。在室内常温下经过２年多保存期试验表明，该品存放１年，不分层，不发苦，不长霉，不结晶，各项指标完全达到设计要求，符合质量标准。     

番薯蜂花粉营养成分研究

分析测定了番薯蜂花粉的营养成分，结果表明：蛋白质含量为２３．２７５％；可溶性糖的含量明显高于其他花粉，其中果糖１０．４８％，葡萄糖６．７５％，蔗糖６．４７％，麦芽糖７．５３％，在测定的７种脂肪酸中，亚油酸相对含量最高，ＰＵＦＡ／ＳＦ比值为２．１０４。３种测出的黄酮类化合物含量分别为：芦丁（３３．２３ｍｇ／１００ｇ），桑色素（１８．２４ｍｇ／１０ｇ），坎菲醇（１１．３７ｍｇ／１００ｇ）。蛋白质氨基酸     

高效液相色谱法检测蜂蜜中残留的抗生素

采用高效液相色谱、紫外检测器、C18,10μm,300mm×4.6mm色谱柱,波长348nm,CH3CN:0.05mol/LH3PO4(V:V)=60:40流动相,对蜂蜜中的残留四环素、土霉素和金霉素进行了检测。方法检出限分别为: 四环素、土霉素为0.03mg/L,金霉素为0,06mg/L。结果令人满意。     

利用理化参数鉴别掺假蜂蜜

利用几种理化参数快速、准确鉴别蜂蜜与糖浆。以北方地区常见的17种蜂蜜和10种糖浆为研究对象,通过理化参数(水分、多酚、黄酮含量、pH值、蛋白质含量及分子质量范围、单糖含量比等)分析蜂蜜和糖浆的异同。为了提高果糖和葡萄糖的分辨率,采用氨基色谱柱,在流动相的选择上进行了优化。结果显示,pH值、多酚含量、黄酮含量无明显区别。水分含量、单糖含量比、蛋白质含量及其分子质量范围有区别:1)蜂蜜、糖浆的w(水)范围分别为15.13%~19.88%、 22.13%~28.50%;2)蜂蜜、糖浆的果糖与葡萄糖质量分数比分别为0.95~1.50、 0.13~2.80;3)蜂蜜中w(蛋白质)范围为1.12~5.09μg/g,分子质量范围为45.0~116.0kDa,糖浆中不含蛋白质。将蛋白质含量测定与蛋白质分子质量测定相结合,增强了通过蛋白质鉴别真假蜂蜜的说服力。水分含量、果糖与葡萄糖质量分数比、蛋白质含量及分子质量可作为掺假鉴别的指标,为蜂蜜的掺假鉴别提供理论依据。     

贝叶斯预测蜂群算法在无线传感器网络优化中的应用

针对无线传感器网络(WSN,wireless sensor network)节点分布不合理,存在较多的监测盲区等不足,提出了利用贝叶斯预测人工蜂群算法(BPABC,Bayesian predictive artificial bee colony algorithm)制定节点分布方案。BPABC算法借鉴贝叶斯预测算法的思想对蜂群算法中各蜜源存在最优解的概率进行预测,并以此为依据指导跟随蜂寻优工作。采用BPABC算法对WSN中的节点分布进行优化,与人工蜂群算法、全局人工蜂群算法制定的优化方案进行比较。结果表明,BPABC在平均覆盖率、最差覆盖率等方面均优于其他两种算法,并且BPABC算法在迭代收敛速度方面也有明显的优势。为了进一步验证改进算法的实用性,采用BPABC制定不同监测区域的WSN节点分布方案。WSN的覆盖率均在97%左右,并且标准差不超过0.005%。由此可见,基于BPABC的WSN节点分布优化方案具有较高的覆盖率、良好的适应性和稳定性。     

Is the occluded corolla of Antirrhinum bee-specialized?

This paper provides the first results of pollinator fauna associated to the reproductive biology of Antirrhinum charidemi, Antirrhinum graniticum and Antirrhinum braun-blanquetii. Censuses of over 16 hours spanning the flowering phenology of each species were drawn up. As previously hypothesized, the characteristic occluded (personate) corolla of Antirrhinum was exclusively pollinated by bees, but by a higher number (four) of bee families than predicted. Seven bee species (Bombus hortorum, Anthidium manicatum, Chalicodoma lefebvrei, Anthidium sticticum, Anthophora dispar, Xylocopa violacea and Anthidium cingulatum) account for over 90% of flower visits (2098). The flower visitation index varied between species (0.0126?0.0320), reaching relatively medium values compared to Mediterranean plants. In contrast, reproductive success was found to be high when estimated as both fruit (45.4–84.2%) and seed (75.4–98.4%) sets, suggesting that these bee guilds are effective pollinators of the three self-incompatible Antirrhinum species. Specialization of the personate flower of Antirrhinum is therefore interpreted for bees with both large bodies and high visitation indices.     

人工蜂群算法及其应用

为促进人工蜂群算法理论和应用的发展, 在分析人工蜂群算法的基本原理基础上, 针对算法的不足, 全面地归纳了国内外学者对算法的改进研究, 对算法的蜜源初始化、更新策略的改进、调整策略的改进、适应度函数的选择以及与其他算法的融合进行综述, 提出了更有效的改进策略。同时从多方面综述了人工蜂群算法的应用, 并对人工蜂群算法的发展方向进行了总结和展望。