The contribution of root respiration to soil CO2 efflux in Puccinellia tenuiflora dominated community in a semi-arid meadow steppe

Rising atmospheric CO2 and temperature are altering ecosystem carbon cycling. Grasslands play an important role in regional climate change and global carbon cycle. Below-ground processes play a key role in the grassland carbon cycle because they regulate …     

食品源单增李斯特菌喹诺酮类抗生素耐药机制研究

以945株食品源单核细胞增生李斯特菌(Listeria monoocytogens,LM)作为研究对象,分析其对喹诺酮类抗生素耐药的分子机制。采用KB法筛选出喹诺酮类耐药的LM,利用PCR检测喹诺酮耐药决定区(quinolone resistance-determining region,QRDR)的基因突变以及质粒介导喹诺酮耐药(plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance,PMQR)基因的分布情况,结合最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值和外排泵抑制剂利血平分析其外排泵的作用,多位点序列分型(multilocus sequence typing, MLST)结合血清组对耐药菌株进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:32株耐药菌株中gyrA、gyrB、parC与parE的QRDR均未发生氨基酸突变,且未检测到PMQR相关基因;而7株fepR基因发现新的氨基酸突变位点,其作用机制有待阐明;外排泵基因lde在耐药LM中皆有检出,78.1%(25/32)LM加入利血平后MIC值降低至原MIC的1/2以下,lde可能是导致LM对喹诺酮耐药的重要因素。血清组分析发现32株耐药菌株分属血清组I.1、I.2、II.1、II.2和III,MLST共分为10种ST型,其中ST87、ST9和ST8为优势株,具有一定的致病能力。结果表明,lde是LM产生喹诺酮耐药的重要因素,但LM潜在喹诺酮耐药分子机制仍有待阐明,同时其潜在的致病性应引起重视。     

PP333对水稻幼苗几种大量元素吸收及其外流的示踪研究

水培“特青”水稻幼苗经0.2及0.4ppm PP333处理5天,植株生长没发生明显变化,但植株矿质元素含量及根系离子外流都发生变化.在根系,~(32)P及~(36)Rb(K)含量显著增多,~(45)Ca含量减少;在地上部,~(32)P及~(45)Ca含量增多,~(36)Rb(K)含量无明显变化.根系~(36)Rb(K)及~(45)Ca的外流显著地受到PP333的抑制.结果表明,PP333主要是提高了水稻幼苗各部位矿质元素含量,并抑制根系离子的外流.     

磨料射流切割物料的机理及实验研究

阐述了磨料射流的构成，磨料射流的混合机理，以及切割动能理论公式的推导，最后通过试验分析了切割参数的变化和磨料参数变化对切割深度的影响。     

Arachidonic acid release by ionomycin and phorbol ester is similar in C127 epithelial cells expressing wild-type or mutated (ΔF508) cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

The Ca²⁺ ionophore ionomycin induced cytosolic [Ca²⁺]_i elevation as well as strong activation of Cl⁻ efflux in mouse mammary epithelial cell lines expressing wild-type or mutated (deletion of phenylalaline 508) cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) or vector. Ionomycin-induced Cl⁻ efflux was abolished by the intracellular Ca²⁺ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid, whereas both activators and inhibitors of phospholipase A₂ had no effect, indicating the involvement of Ca²⁺-dependent Cl^- channels. Stimulation of arachidonic acid release by ionomycin and phorbol ester was not significantly different between wild-type or mutated cell lines, whereas vector-transfected cells exhibited a significant higher release, which was shown to be due to larger amount of immunoreactive cytosolic phospholipase A₂. These results indicate that phospholipase A₂ activity of C127 cells was not influenced by the presence of wild-type or mutated CFTR. Received 27 April 1999; received after revision 11 June 1999; accepted 23 July 1999     

利用PCR产物一步法敲除大肠埃希菌的外排泵基因acrAB

通过电转化将一段PCR产物引入宿主菌BW25113/pIJ790细胞内,PCR产物两端有与染色体同源的30个核苷酸序列,中间是抗生素抗性基因。pIJ790上编码λ噬菌体的3个重组蛋白:Exo、Bet和Gam组成Red重组系统,可实现线性片段的一步法高效重组,以PCR产物中的抗生素抗性基因取代靶基因。通过该方法得到了大肠埃希菌的外排泵基因acrAB敲除突变株,该菌株在抗菌物质的抗菌机制研究方面能发挥一定的作用。     

The response of plants to acid soils

Summary Interactive effects between acid deposition and the rest of the environment are the key to further understanding. Although this article deals only with plant growth in relation to the chemical state of the soil and not with aerial effects, it is still possible to illustrate a number of interactions and patterns of response among both vascular and non-vascular components of vegetation. Evidence is examined with regard to plant age, pre-treatment and the nature of nutrient supply. It includes consideration of both effects of soil on plants and of plants on soil, notes both antagonisms and symbioses, and draws attention to inducible defence systems.     

大肠杆菌耐药机制中激活外排泵和减少摄入量的研究进展

概述了大肠杆菌中激活外排泵和减少摄入量这两个重要的耐药机制和克服它们的新策略,主要包括近年来在理解外排泵系统的物理结构、功能和调控子中的进步和有利于开发以外排泵为靶位的药物研究进展。     

利用磨料射流清洗油管

通过对磨料射流清洗油管进行实验、研究，确定了最佳的磨料射流混合方式。