A类维生素对环磷酰胺诱发的抗白喉毒素突变型(DT~r)和SCE频率的影响

用新建立的抗白喉毒素突变型检测系统研究维生素A及其四种衍生物在化学诱变作用中的遗传学效应,并与姊妹染色单体互换频率指标进行比较,结果表明A类维生素具有抑制由间接诱变剂诱发的抗白喉毒素突变型频率和姊妹染色单体互换频率的作用.因此,A类维生素的抗肿瘤特性可能并不仅局限于其作用在肿瘤形成的第二步,也可作用在肿瘤形成的第一步(启动阶段).     

Accumulation of drastic mutants in selection lines for resistance to the insecticides dichlorvos and malathion inDrosophila melanogaster

Summary Viability tests were performed on second and third chromosomes from lines ofDrosophila melanogaster selected for increased resistance to the organophosphorus insecticides dichlorvos and malathion, in order to evaluate the accumulation of drastic alleles. Our results show that malathion reduces significantly the relative viability of chromosome 3 and also increases the frequency of drastic alleles in this chromosome, while dichlorvos increases significnatly the frequency of drastic alleles in chromosome 2.Work supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (Grant No. 0577/84 CAICYT).—We are grateful to Productos Cruz Verde S.A. and Agrocrós S.A. for generously supplying the insecticides dichlorvos and malathion, respectively.     

拟南芥网格蛋白重链突变体的遗传分析

利用PCR方法分离筛选了拟南芥网格蛋白重链T-DNA插入突变体chc1和chc2,并观察了CHC功能缺失后对植株发育的影响.结果表明：拟南芥网格蛋白重链CHC1或CHC2功能缺失引起部分植株发育异常,表现出生长素相关的发育表型,如幼苗子叶出现棒状、喇叭状和扇形等各种异常表型;通过人工杂交未能获得chc1chc2纯合双突变体,表明CHC1和CHC2功能同时缺失可能引起花粉致死或胚胎致死.这些遗传分析结果表明CHC在植物发育过程中具有重要的生物学功能.     

人工脱色过氧化物酶催化降解苋菜红活性研究

以肌红蛋白(Mb)为骨架构建并纯化了三突变体蛋白F43Y/F138W/P88W Mb,双突变体蛋白F43Y/F138W Mb及单突变体蛋白 F43Y Mb,并对三个突变体蛋白的苋菜红(amaranth)脱色降解活性进行了研究。催化活性及酶动力学研究结果显示,相比于F43Y/F138W Mb和F43Y Mb,三突变体F43Y/F138W/P88W Mb的苋菜红催化效率最高,这表明色氨酸对人工脱色过氧化物酶的活性起了重要作用。该研究不仅为今后的血红素蛋白设计提供了理论依据,同时也表明人工酶在染料废水处理方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

Genetic and molecular approaches to synthesis and action of the yeast killer toxin

Summary The K1 killer toxin ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae is a secreted, virally-coded protein lethal to sensitive yeasts. Killer yeasts are immune to the toxin they produce. This killer system has been extensively examined from genetic and molecular perspectives. Here we review the biology of killer yeasts, and examine the synthesis and action of the protein toxin and the immunity component. We summarise the structure of the toxin precursor gene and its protein products, outline the proteolytic processing of the toxin subunits from the precursor, and their passage through the yeast secretory pathway. We then discuss the mode of action of the toxin, its lectin-like interaction with a cell wall glucan, and its probable role in forming channels in the yeast plasma membrane. In addition we describe models of how a toxin precursor species functions as the immunity component, probably by interfering with channel formation. We conclude with a review of the functional domains of the toxin structural gene as determined by site-directed mutagenesis. This work has identified regions associated with glucan binding, toxin activity, and immunity.     

关于苏联剧变的轨迹及主要原因和惨痛教训的分析

苏联解体、东欧剧变使世界社会主义运动陷入低潮,从而直接影响到冷战后世界历史进程的发展和变化。苏联剧变主要原因不是单一的,是多种因素作用的结果,惨痛教训十分深刻,值得认真总结汲取。以马克思主义为指导,认真总结这一经验教训,要树立创新意识,进一步深化社会主义建设规律和党的建设规律认识;要增强忧患意识,进一步巩固党的执政基础;要强化发展意识,进一步推进科学发展,不断提高人民群众物质文化生活水平。     

Actin-, myosin- and ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis

Endocytosis is a general term that is used to describe the internalization of external and plasma membrane molecules into the cell interior. In fact, several different mechanisms exist for the internalization step of this process. In this review we emphasize the work on the actin-dependent pathways, in particular in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, because several components of the molecular machinery are identified. In this yeast, the analysis of endocytosis in various mutants reveals a requirement for actin, calmodulin, a type I myosin, as well as a number of other proteins that affect actin dynamics. Some of these proteins have homology to proteins in animal cells that are believed to be involved in endocytosis. In addition, the demonstration that ubiquitination of some cell surface molecules is required for their efficient internalization is described. We compare the actin, myosin and ubiquitin requirements for endocytosis with recent results found studying these processes usingDictyostelium discoideum and animal cells.     

Genetic analysis and mapping of rice （Oryza sativa L.） male-sterile （OsMS-L） mutant

A rice male-sterile mutant OsMS-L of japonica cultivar 9522 background, was obtained in M4 population treated with ^60Co γ-Ray. Genetic analysis indicated that the male.sterile phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene. Results of tissue section showed that at microspore stage, OsMS-L tapetum was retarded. Then tapetal calls expanded and microspores degenerated. No matured pollens were observed in OsMS-L anther locus. To map OsMS-L locus, an F2 population was constructed from the cross between the OsMS-L (japonica) and LongTeFu B(indica). Firstly, the OsMS-L locus was roughly mapped between two SSR markers, RM109 and RM7562 on chromosome 2. And then eleven polymorphic markers were developed for further fine fine-mapping. At last the OsMS-L locus was mapped between the two lnDel markers, Lhsl0 and Lhs6 with genetic distance of 0.4 cM, respectively. The region was delimited to 133 kb. All these results were useful for further cloning and functional analysis of OsMS-L.     

利用辐射与杂交相结合创造小麦优异新种质的研究

利用辐射诱变与杂交育种相结合的方法选育出豫同843等11个小麦优异突变体。介绍了这些突变体的来源、特征特性及应用价值,总结了该方方法在创造小麦新种质方面的经验。