电絮凝法处理合成洗涤剂废水

本文研究了电絮凝处理合成洗涤剂废水COD和LAS的主要机理,确定了电絮凝处理的主要工艺条件,使出水COD达国家排放标准.     

高碱度清净剂胶体结构冷冻蚀刻电镜观测研究

本文报导了应用改进的冷冻蚀刻制样方法对某些典型的润滑油清净剂进行的电子显微镜的近期研究结果。研究证实，改进的冷冻蚀刻制样技术可提供一种可资信赖的电镜研究观测手段。对高碱度清净剂胶体结构的研究对于改进我们生产工艺，提高产品质量均将有重要作用。     

洗涤剂用碱性脂肪酶稳定剂研究

青霉脂肪酶在一定浓度的钙离子存在下,显示出高的活性,当钙离子浓度为2×10-2M时,酶的相对活性达180%.乙酸钠和多羟基化合物可以作为洗涤剂的稳定剂,其中多羟基高分子化合物对青霉脂肪酶有优良的稳定和激活效果.     

A sensitive protein assay method using micro-titer plates

Summary A commercially available protein-assay, based on the reaction between bicinchoninic acid (4,4-dicarboxy-2,2-biquinoline) and copper was adapted for use in microtiter plates. The assay is sensitive between 10 m/ml and several mg/ml, and it uses only 10 l of sample material. The results obtained with the method were in accordance with other protein determination methods. The assay was shown to be reproducible, reliable and insensitive to non-ionic detergents.Acknowledgments. The authors are grateful to Miss Barbara Moser who skillfully performed a number of these experiments. This research was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, Grant No 3.300–0.82, to U.B.     

Large-scale production of functional membrane proteins

The preparation of sufficient amounts of high-quality samples is still the major bottleneck for the characterization of membrane proteins by in vitro approaches. The hydrophobic nature, the requirement for complicated transport and modification pathways, and the often observed negative effects on membrane properties are intrinsic features of membrane proteins that frequently cause significant problems in overexpression studies. Establishing efficient protocols for the production of functionally folded membrane proteins is therefore a challenging task, and numerous specific characteristics have to be considered. In addition, a variety of expression systems have been developed, and choice of appropriate techniques could strongly depend on the desired target membrane proteins as well as on their intended applications. The production of membrane proteins is a highly dynamic field and new or modified approaches are frequently emerging. The review will give an overview of currently established processes for the production of functionally folded membrane proteins.     

润滑油清净剂胶体结构冷冻蚀刻电镜观测研究

本文报导了利用改进的冷冻蚀刻制样技术对某些典型的润滑油清净剂进行电子显撤镜观测的研究结果.并介绍了这种制样技术的具体方法步骤.研究证实,对于润滑油清净剂,传统的漂洗制样技术可能对肢体结构研究速成片面失真概念或误解,而改进的冷冻蚀刘制样技术则提供了一种可资信赖的电镜观测制样手段.     

新型电子清洗工艺对半导体表面的清洗效果

报告了一种新型电子清洗工艺．该工艺采用了被命名为ＤＺ—１和ＤＺ—２的两种新型电子清洗剂分别与９５％体积的去离子水配制成清洗液，先后用超声波清洗．用高频Ｃ—Ｖ测试和原子吸收光谱分析研究了清洗效果．用该工艺清洗过的硅片生长的二氧化硅层中固定电荷密度在１０１０ｃｍ－２数量级；去重金属离子能力与常规ＣＭＯＳ／ＳＯＳ栅氧化工艺相当．新型清洗工艺具有操作简单、价格低廉、且无毒、无腐蚀和对人体无危害、对环境无污染的优点．     

Amphipols: polymeric surfactants for membrane biology research

Membrane proteins classically are handled in aqueous solutions as complexes with detergents. The dissociating character of detergents, combined with the need to maintain an excess of them, frequently results in more or less rapid inactivation of the protein under study. Over the past few years, we have endeavored to develop a novel family of surfactants, dubbed amphipols (APs). APs are amphiphilic polymers that bind to the transmembrane surface of the protein in a noncovalent but, in the absence of a competing surfactant, quasi-irreversible manner. Membrane proteins complexed by APs are in their native state, stable, and they remain water-soluble in the absence of detergent or free APs. An update is presented of the current knowledge about these compounds and their demonstrated or putative uses in membrane biology.     

洗涤剂的遗传毒理学效应的研究I.紫露草四分体微核试验

应用紫露草四分体微核技术对６种洗涤剂的遗传毒理学效应进行研究，结果表明，３种洗衣粉和３种洗洁精在一定浓度剂量范围内，能够强烈地诱发紫露草四分体微核率显著提高，而且紫露草四分体微核率与洗涤剂浓度之间呈现剂量效应，直线相关回归方程分析表明，它们的相关显著或极显著，初步证明这些洗涤剂在一定浓度时具有遗传毒理学效应，而这种“潜在”的危险性应当引起人们的高度重视。