额颞痴呆与Pick病

额颞痴呆(frontotemporal dementia,FTD)是以额颞叶萎缩为特征的一组神经变性疾病。病因认为是轴索病变继发神经细胞改变,机制为常染色体显性遗传。病理为双侧额叶,颞叶前端的局限性萎缩,可累及尾状核、壳核、丘脑、黑质等皮质下结构。起病隐袭,早期症状为行为、人格改变,渐进性发展为认知功能损害,迅速进展为语言障碍,晚期通常沉默不语,不能与人交流,可有行为异常。MRI显示额叶、前颞叶萎缩。确诊依赖于病理学证据,如局限性额颞叶萎缩,神经元和神经胶质发现tau蛋白包涵体及Pick小体细胞。目前无特异性治疗的治疗方法。     

经皮肺动脉去交感神经冷冻消融术治疗犬肺动脉高压疗效评价

摘要:目的 通过野百合碱诱导的犬肺动脉高压模型,观察肺动脉去交感神经冷冻消融术后 6 个月的肺动脉平均压力( mPAP) 、肺毛细血管楔压( PCWP)及内皮素受体-1( ET-1)变化,评估冷冻消融去比格犬肺动脉交感神经的安全性和有效性。 方法 将 15 只比格犬随机分为 A 组(冷冻消融组) 、B 组(假手术组) 及 C 组( 对照组) ,对比观察比格犬手术前后 mPAP、PCWP 及 ET-1 水平变化。 结果 A、B 和 C 各组术后 6 个月,mPAP、PCWP 和 ET-1 值均低于术前水平,差异有统计学意义( P<0. 05) 。 结论 犬肺动脉高压经皮肺动脉去交感神经冷冻消融术安全且有效,术后表现出延续性降肺动脉压力效果。     

Have we underestimated the importance of the thymus in man?

Summary Recent immunological research has concentrated on the complex and subtle interactions between T cells, B cells and accessory cells. In these studies, little attention has been given to the adult thymus gland. Modern textbooks of disease and anatomy all stress that the gland undergoes fatty involution with age in man but omit reference to the statements here and there in the literature that the gland is active and produces lymphocytes throughout life. To suggest that the bone marrow, which also builds up fat throughout life, is atrophic and not important to adult man would deny all modern hematological concepts. Yet few people today take a parallel view of the thymus except perhaps those investigating aging and thymic hormones. In both of these areas of research it is obvious that the thymus must be active throughout life for continued good health. This brief review urges that a thorough understanding of the vital importance of the thymus in adult life is now needed. From it could emerge a new philosophy on the treatment of immune diseases in both the young (SCID and AIDS patients) and in the aged (autoimmune conditions and cancers) and it would aid our treatment of patients recovering from illnesses and from many drug treatments.     

单基因遗传疾病的基因疗法

 基因疗法是全球突破性技术之一，在单基因遗传疾病治疗中已取得突破性进展。阐述了不同的基因疗法策略、载体和基因编辑技术的特点，综述了脊髓性肌萎缩症、Leber先天性黑蒙2型、血友病、β-地中海贫血的发病机理、临床表现、基因疗法的开发进程以及临床试验情况。目前，上述4种单基因疾病的9种基因疗法已分别取得美国食品药品监督管理局突破性疗法资格、欧洲药品管理局的优先药物资格或者已经批准上市。基因疗法的研究还面临着许多挑战，但随着科学研究的深入和科学技术的不断发展，将有更多的患者获得治疗。     

Cell cycle changes after denervation of the newt limb regenerate,studied in vitro

Summary The proliferation of the mesenchyme of medium bud stage blastemas ofPleurodeles, measured by³H-thymidine incorporation and mitotic index, decreases about 40–50% under denervated conditions when cultivated in vitro for 4 days; epidermis is not affected in this case. Autoradiography of blastemas after³H-thymidine long term labeling shows that 3/4 of the mesenchymal cells and 1/4 of the epidermal cells are cycling when the blastema is innervated; there is no significant change of these percentages when the blastema is denervated. The results show, contrary to in vivo experiments, that denervation does not provoke an exiting from the cell-cycle but only lengthening of the cycle of the mesenchymal cells (probably of the G₁ phase).     

Chronic sensory denervation reduces thrombin-stimulated endothelin release from aortic endothelial cells

The long-term (trophic) influence of perivascular nerves on the endothelium was investigated by measuring changes in thrombin-stimulated release of the potent vasoconstrictor, endothelin, after selective chronic denervation. Rat pups were treated with either guanethidine or capsaicin to destroy sympathetic or sensory nerves, respectively. The abdominal aortas from the rats at three months of age (5 pooled per experiment) were incubated with 4U thrombin/ml in medium for 24 h at 37°C, and the amount of endothelin released from the preparation determined by immunoassay. After neonatal sensory denervation there was a significant reduction in the thrombinstimulated release of endothelin compared to the controls (0.012±0.012 (4) compared to 0.063±0.012 (6), pmol/cm²/24 h, p<0.02). There was no change in endothelin release after sympathetic denervation. In summary, sensory nerves play a trophic role in the expression of endothelin in endothelial cells of the intima.     

一个腓骨肌萎缩家族

本文报道一个腓骨肌萎缩家族,调查涉及四代,其中有5人患病(4男,1女)根据家谱分析,本症符合常染色体显性遗传规律。     

去神经前后肌组织ATP酶活性改变

对中华大蟾蜍快肌和慢肌组织的ＡＴＰ酶活性进行比较研究发现,快肌缝匠肌肌组织比慢肌腹直肌肌组织的ＡＴＰ酶活性要高,去神经后缝匠肌ＡＴＰ酶的活性有显著下降,这些差异和变化具有一定的生理意义．     

去除后肢神经支配对大鼠骨骼肌中钠钾腺苷酶各亚基表达的影响

检测了去除神经支配的大鼠后肢和对侧的对照后肢骨骼肌中钠钾腺苷酶(Na—K—ATPase)各亚基的蛋白质和mRNA的表达，结果表明，去除后肢神经支配4d，在红色骨骼肌中α2和β1亚基的蛋白质表达显著下降(分别下降了46％和77％)，在红色腓肠肌和比目鱼肌中，α2亚基的mRNA水平分别下降了29％和39％，β1亚基的mRNA水平分别下降了80％和52％，在白色骨骼肌中α2亚基的蛋白质和mRNA水平无显著变化；在红色和白色骨骼肌中，α1亚基的蛋白质表达分别增加了20％和15％，同时伴随着更大幅度的mRNA水平的增加，而β2亚基的蛋白质表达未发生显著变化，其mRNA水平在红色腓肠肌中也无显著变化，但在白色腓肠肌中减少了59％．这些结果证实，在去除神经支配的大鼠骨骼肌中，钠钾腺苷酶各亚基的表达受转录和转录后调控，与已报道的胰岛素特异性诱导α2和β1亚基向细胞膜转移的研究结果相吻合．实验中仅α2和β1亚基的蛋白质表达显著下降暗示，在大鼠骨骼肌中，由于去除神经支配造成的胰岛素抵抗使原本受胰岛素调节的钠钾腺苷酶亚基的表达机制受到破坏．     

我国声乐领域里中、低声种的民族化发展探析

近十年间，在民族声乐领域里中、低声种出现了新人断层、歌曲佳作减少的情况。与当前“民族唱法高音唱”的现象形成了巨大的反差。这说明，中、低声种的民族化发展出现了低迷的现象，显霉出当前我国民族声乐声部品种发展不平衡的现状。如果得不到有效的改善，将难以避免民族唱法出现“千人一声”的现象，终将影响我国民族声乐事业的整体发展。