五机架冷连轧AGC模糊小脑模型学习控制

首次提出模糊小脑模型，将模型概念引入到小脑模型中，给出算法，并采用它实现了冷轧轧ＡＧＣ系统模糊小脑模型学习控制，该控制方法具有快速学习功能，适合实时控制使用。以某厂五机架冷连轧机研究对象，在３８６／ＤＸ计算机上民了稳定态过程仿真研究。仿真结果表明，所提方法是有效的，比经典ＰＩＤ控制效果优越，具有良好的鲁棒性，可用于工业控制。     

山茶科系统发育诠释：Ⅸ.山茶属的原始特征及其演化趋向

讨论和比较了关于山茶属演化趋向的两种观点，认为根据现存种类及目前发现的化石资料，花无梗，苞被不分化为苞片和萼片，代表了山茶属的原始特征；而花梗伸长，引起了苞萼分化，苞片在花梗上疏离，宿存，脱落或减少，演化出更加进步的类群；而苞被保持不分化，多数状态下也可能在花和果等方面得到演化，体现了系统发育和个体发育在山茶属内次级分类群中并不一致     

Differentiation of external morphology of Oribatella Banks, 1895 (Acari: Oribatida: Oribatellidae), in light of the ontogeny of three species

Differentiation of external morphology of Oribatella Banks, 1895 was investigated, in light of the ontogeny of O. quadricornuta (Michael, 1880 Michael, AD. 1880. A further contribution to the knowledge of British Oribatidae. J Roy Micr Soc London, 3: 225–251. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), O. superbula (Berlese,1904 Berlese, A. 1904. Acari nuovi. Manipulus III. Redia, 2: 10–32.  [Google Scholar]) and O. calcarata (CL Koch, 1835 Koch, CL. 1835. “Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden”. In Regensburg, Germany: Verlag Friedrich Pustet 1–3.  [Google Scholar]) studied here for the first time, and that of the other species from the literature. The pattern of gastronotal setae in larvae is similar, except for lack of seta h ₃ in O. nortoni Behan-Pelletier, 2011 Behan-Pelletier, VM. 2011. Oribatella (Acari, Oribatida, Oribatellidae) of eastern North America. Zootaxa, 2973: 1–56. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], while that of nymphs and adults is differentiated. The nymphs of most species have 15 pairs of gastronotal setae, but those of O. metzi Behan-Pelletier, 2011 Behan-Pelletier, VM. 2011. Oribatella (Acari, Oribatida, Oribatellidae) of eastern North America. Zootaxa, 2973: 1–56. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar] and most nymphs of O. calcarata have 13 pairs. The nymphs of most species carry the exuvial scalps of previous instars on apical parts of gastronotal setae da, while setae dm and dp, located under these scalps, are subjected to translocation, reduction in size or loss. In O. berlesei (Michael, 1898 Michael, AD. 1898. “Oribatidae”. In Das Tierreich, Lief. 3. Vol. 8 (Acarina). Berlin: Verlag von R. Friedländer und Sohn Edited by: Schulze, FE. 1–93. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), O. nortoni, O. quadricornuta and O. sexdentata Berlese, 1916 pair dp takes a more lateral position, compared with the larvae, in O. superbula and O. canadensis Behan-Pelletier and Eamer, 2010 Behan-Pelletier, VM and Eamer, B. 2010. The first sexually dimorphic species of Oribatella (Acari, Oribatida, Oribatellidae) and a review of sexual dimorphism in the Brachypylina. Zootaxa, 2332: 1–20. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar] it is reduced in size (in the latter species pair dm is also reduced), while O. metzi loses setae dm and dp. In contrast, the nymphs of O. calcarata do not carry the scalps, and usually lose setae c ₁ and dm. The adults of all species lose setae c ₁, c ₃ and d-series, compared with the tritonymph, and only 10 pairs of notogastral setae remain (c ₂, l-, h- and p-series), but O. quadricornuta and O. calcarata rarely retain seta c ₃ unilaterally, which indicates the order of setal loss in Oribatella according to Shaldybina (1972 Shaldybina, ES. 1972. Some morphological characters of ceratozetid moss mites (Oribatei). Ucenyje zapiski Gor Gosud Pedagog Institut, Gorki, 130: 35–66. In Russian [Google Scholar]).     

一种新的CMAC函数逼近器及其再励学习方法

针对复杂再励学习系统状态空间存在维数灾问题，结合多移动机器人协调避障路径规划实际应用，用非均匀模糊分割方法将状态空间分解成模糊子空间，相应地将小脑模型连接控制器网络（Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller,CMAC)函数逼近器改进为模糊CMAC（Fuzzy CMAC,FCMAC)函数逼近器，并将FCMAC函数逼近器置入滞后更新多步Q（Pstphoned-Updating Multi-Stp Q-learning,PUMSQ)学习笮算法，提出FCMAC－PUMSQ学习算法，仿真实验证明，该算法有效且有较好的鲁棒性，FCMAC函数逼近器有较好的收敛速度和泛化能力。     

Excitatory effect of histamine on neuronal activity of rat cerebellar fastigial nucleus Jn vitro

The cerebellar fastigial nucleus （FN） holds an important role in motor control and body balance. Previous studies have revealed that the nucleus is innervated by direct hypothalamocerebellar hletaminergic fibers. However, the functional role of histaminergic projection in cerebellar FN has never been established. In this study, we investigated the effect of histamine on neuronal firing of cerebellar FN by using slice preparations. Sixty-five FN cells were recorded from 47 cerebellar slices, and a vast majority of the cells responded to histamine stimulation with an excitatory response （58/65, 89.2%）. Perfusing slices with low-Ca^2＋/high-Mg^2＋ medium did not block the histamine-induced excitation （n=10）, supporting a direct postsynaptic action of histamine on the cells. Furthermore, the excitatory effect of histamine on FN neurons was not blocked by selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist triprolidine （n=15） or chlorpheniramine （n=10）, but was effectively suppressed by ranitidine （n=15）, a highly selective histamine H2 receptor antagonist. On the other hand, highly selective histamine H2 receptor agonist dimaprit （n=20） instead of histamine HI receptor agonist 2-pyridylethylamine （n=16） mimicked the excitatory effect of histamine on FN neurons. The dimaprit-induced FN neuronal excitation was effectively antagonized by selective histamine H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine （n=13） but not influenced by selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist triprolidine （n=15）. These results demonstrate that histamine excites cerebellar FN cells via the histamine H2 receptor mechanism and suggest that the hypothalamocerebellar histaminergic fibers may modulate cerebellar FN-mediated sensorimotor integration through their excitatory innervations on FN neurons.     

一种单输入CMAC策略在机械手逆模控制中的应用

小脑模型关节控制器(CMAC)是一种结构简单、学习速度快的局部神经网络,适合于实时控制。但对于某些高维输入系统来说,CMAC需要大量的存储空间,实际应用性能下降。文章结合传统PID反馈控制与神经网络逆模控制的特点,利用CMAC网络对机械手进行逆模控制;针对网络所需输入量较多的问题,提出了一种单输入CMAC网络的逆模控制策略,并将提出的控制策略应用于2自由度机械手的轨迹控制;引入测量变量使网络输入由二维转换为一维,减少了神经网络所需存储空间,提高了学习速度。仿真实验结果表明,所提出的控制策略克服了机械手非线性和不确定性的影响,是可行的。     

液压系统油温的神经网络高精度控制

为满足液压系统油温的高精度控制要求，提出了一套数字、比例混合式冷却系统，降低了冷却系统成本，提高了系统的可靠性．针对具有滞后特性的温度场复杂系统，提出了一种基于ＣＭＡＣ神经网络的ＣＭＡＣ预测与自学习控制算法，使油温控制精度达到５０±０．５℃，超过了ＩＳＯＡ级标准．     

刺激家兔小脑顶核对动脉血压和呼吸的影响

实验用家兔３７只，戊巴比妥钠麻醉，自然呼吸，其中２７只采用电刺激小脑项核，１０只为顶核内微量注射神经元胞体兴奋剂（Ｌ－谷氨酸钠）．观察到电刺激小脑顶核能引起动脉血压显著升高，但心电图记录无明显变化；呼吸运动明显加深加快，肺通气量显著增加．而项核内微量注射Ｌ－谷氨酸钠．则出现动脉血压降低，心率无明显变化，呼吸也无显著性变化．提示顶核神经元兴奋产全降压作用，而电刺激所致的升压和呼吸反应可能与顶核周围的神经纤维兴奋有关．     

Ontogeny of the sex steroid and prolactin receptors in the male rat adrenal gland

Summary Cytosolic estrogen and androgen receptors and membrane prolactin-binding sites in the male adrenal glands showed a definite pattern during sexual development. The level of sexual steroid receptors paralleled adrenal growth, whereas prolactin binding reached its maximum value in mature rats.Lüthy, I. A., Predoctoral Fellow from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas and Calandra, R. S., Research Career Awardee from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina.Acknowledgments. We would like to thank Mrs D. Bas and Mrs D. B. Destéfano for the skillful technical assistance and the secretarial work, respectively. This work was partially supported by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina (CONICET), and the Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica.     

Development of post-hatching melatonin rhythm in zebra finches (Poephila guttata)

We examined levels of melatonin in the pineal, eyes and plasma over a 24 h period during development in the altricial zebra finch. Beginning as early as 2 days after hatching there was a distinct 24 h rhythm in melatonin in the pineal and plasma. Beginning at day seven after hatching there was also a 24 h rhythm present in the eyes. In the pineal and eyes the amplitude of the 24 h rhythm increased with age. In contrast, the amplitude of the plasma melatonin rhythm at 2 days was already within the range of adults and did not increase with age. These results confirm and expand earlier findings in the European starling and parallel those from precocial birds indicating that the circadian system is already competent at or shortly after hatching even in atricial birds.