Taxonomy and genetic variation in the Australian lizards of the genus Pseudemoia (Scincidae: Lygosominae)

This study reviews the taxonomy of the southern Australian scincid lizards previously referred to Leiolopisma entrecasteauxii (Duméril and Bibron, 1839) and L. baudini Greer, 1982; here placed along with L. spenceri and the recently described L. rawlinsoni in the genus Pseudemoia. Electrophoretic, karyotypic and morphological data show that populations assigned to P. entrecasteauxii belong to three species. The name Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii is restricted here to a morphologically variable species which occurs in woodlands, forests and heathlands from the Blue Mountains, NSW, through the southeastern mainland, Bass Strait islands and Tasmania, to the islands of Spencer Gulf, SA. Populations designated as L. entrecasteauxii Form B by recent authors are mostly referrable to P. entrecasteauxii (s.s.). Pseudemoia pagenstecheri (Lindholm, 1901) is resurrected to apply to strongly striped populations disjunctly distributed in open grassland habitats from Tasmania, south-central Victoria, the southeast Australian highlands, Blue Mountains and New England Tableland. This species largely encompasses those populations referred to by several workers as L. entrecasteauxii Form A. A neotype for Lygosoma (Liolepisma) pagenstecheri is designated. A new species, P. cryodroma, is restricted to alpine and subalpine habitats on the high plains of Victoria. Pseudemoia cryodroma may have had a hybrid origin from P. entrecasteauxii and P. pagenstecheri. Pseudemoia baudini, hitherto known only from the unique holotype, is redescribed. This species extends eastward along the coast of the Great Australian Bight as far as the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. A key to the species of Pseudemoia is provided.     

台湾海区斜带石斑鱼群体遗传学的等位酶研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶和淀粉凝胶技术对台湾海区斜带石斑鱼的遗传结构和遗传多样性水平进行了等位酶分析。对18种酶系统共27个等位酶基因座位的检测表明。ADH—l、ODH-2、FDH-1和Est-3等5个基因座位具多态性，其群体的多态位点百分率P为18．5％。有效等位基因平均数Ne为1．185，平均杂合度的观测值Ho为0．0469，预期值He为0．0662，反映了该群体的遗传多样性水平在鱼类中处于中等程度，而其Hardy-Weinberg遗传偏离指数(D)为-0．246，表明该群体仍存在着明显的杂合子缺失现象，相对于捕捞压力，海岸线的工程改造是对其资源的更主要威胁。     

Genetic and morphometric variation in the potamonautid river crab Potamonautes parvispina (Decapoda: Potamonautidae) from two Western Cape rivers,South Africa

Patterns of genetic and morphometric variation amongst five populations of Potamonautes parvispina from two rivers in the Western Cape, were examined. Genetic variation at 14 loci was investigated using protein gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the populations were genetically invariant within and between the two drainage systems. Discriminant functions analyses of seven carapace variables demonstrated regional differentiation between the population groups in the two drainage systems. Other morphometric characters exhibited a significant degree of variation within drainage systems. Morphometric data were highly variable and were discordant with the genetic data, which suggests that environmental factors may be responsible for the large degree of phenotypic plasticity. Results from the present study are discussed in terms of widespread gene flow and recent population divergence.     

马拉硫磷对中华稻蝗等位酶基因型的致死作用

将采自山西省代县阳明堡乡的中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis)进行马拉硫磷急性毒性实验,并对所研究个体进行等位酶水平淀粉凝胶电泳,研究马拉硫磷毒性与中华稻蝗种群等位酶基因型之间的相关关系.结果表明:马拉硫磷毒性与中华稻蝗种群基因型之间存在相关关系,在所研究的磷酸葡萄糖异构酶(PGI)和苹果酸酶(ME)两种等位酶中,马拉硫磷对中华稻蝗等位酶PGI不同基因型个体有选择性致死作用.卡方分析显示,其中的一对基因型Pgi-ab和Pgi-bb之间存在显著的致死差异.     

缙云山特有植物缙云黄芩的等位酶变异研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳检测了重庆缙云山特有植物缙云黄芩 (ScutellariatsinyunensisC Y WuetS chow) 7个居群 70个个体的过氧化物酶 (POD)、细胞色素氧化酶 (CYT)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、淀粉酶 (AMY)和酯酶 (ES) 5种等位酶谱带的变异式样 .并将所得酶谱带进行编码 ,然后分别用Jaccard和Sokal Michener结合系数结合不加权组平均法 (UPGMA)进行聚类 .7个居群等位酶谱带分布表明 ,只有 15 5 6 %的等位酶谱带在所有个体中是恒定的 ,其余 84 44 %的等位酶谱带在个体间显示出或多或少的变异 .在居群水平上 ,也只有 2 2 2 2 %的等位酶谱带是恒定的 ,77 78%的等位酶谱带存在有分化 .聚类分析结果表明缙云黄芩同一居群的个体间在等位酶谱带上表现出很大的相似性 ,即居群内个体间表现出较大的遗传同质性 ;而来源于不同居群的个体酶谱则表现出明显的趋异性 ,显示出缙云黄芩不同居群之间发生了较明显的遗传分化     

黄河下游湿地芦苇种群克隆结构的等位酶分析

以等位酶为标记，采用水平切片淀粉凝胶电泳技术，对黄河下游湿地15个芦苇(Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.ex Steud)群的克隆结构进行了初步研究．8个酶系统17个等位酶位点的检测表明，芦苇种群克隆多样性很高，基因型比率PD=0．53(0．10—0．85)，不同克隆在规模上相差很大．克隆结构分析表明，芦苇种群内克隆之间的镶嵌明显．     

中国特有植物缙云卫矛的生态遗传分化研究

以中国特有植物缙云卫矛为研究对象,从形态多样性和等位酶多样性二个层次水平,对7个不同生境下的缙云卫矛个体的24项形态特征及五种等位酶（POD,CYT,SOD,ES和AMY）进行研究,并结合数量统计方法进行了多变量分析,结果表明：缙云卫矛在居群水平上没有明显可寻的形态分化规律,等位酶水平上的该植物居群间的分化具有明显的规律性,特定居群具有某些特定的带谱,究其原因可能是由于该植物对环境的适应能力较差,形态可塑性较小。     

白骨壤种群不同年龄级的遗传多样性和遗传分化

采用垂直板型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定了白骨壤（Avicennia marina)种群不同年龄级的遗传多样性和遗传分化。白骨壤种群在不同年龄级维持有较高的遗传多样性,观察杂合度为0．300,期望杂合度为0．180,化非常低,遗传分化系数为0．024,表明总的遗传变异中有2．4％来自不同年龄级的白骨壤。遗传距离和遗传一致度均值分别为0．005和0．995,基因流流畅,Nm=10.39,白骨壤种群不同年龄级的遗传分化远小于空间动态上的白骨壤的遗传分化。     

Lake Tanganyika as an evolutionary reservoir of old lineages of East African cichlid fishes: Inferences from allozyme data

Genetic differences between 20 species of cichlid fish, representing all the 12 tribes proposed for the cichlid fish fauna of Lake Tanganyika, were studied by allozyme electrophoresis. Most species were genetically very differentiated from each other. Phylogenetic analysis based on the allozyme data indicated that at least seven old, ancestral lineages have contributed to the present cichlid fauna of the lake. Lake Tanganyika, the oldest of the rift-valley lakes, can be recognized as an evolutionary reservoir of major lineages of cichlids in East Africa.     

日本囊对虾野生群体杂合性的研究

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术研究了日本囊对虾9个野生群体10种等位酶的杂合子缺失及过量状况.在所研究的22个位点中有5个位点(Sod-1、Est-1、Est-2、Amy-3、Mdh-1)是多态位点.汕头群体的Est-2,北海群体的Mdh-1和Sod-1,湄洲群体的Mdh-1,连江群体的Sod-1和漳浦群体的Mdh-1位点符合H-W平衡标准(P＞0.05);其余的多态位点均显著或极其显著地偏离H-W平衡标准(0.01＜P＜0.05或P＜0.01).另外,日本囊对虾9个群体的Est-2位点均表现出杂合子缺失(F＞0);Amy-3和Est-1(除了泉州群体的Est-1)位点均表现出杂合子过量(F＜0).研究表明日本囊对虾野生资源杂合性状况较好.