The behavior of the homozygous and heterozygous sub-types of rats which are genetically-selected for diabetes insipidus: A comparison with Long Evans and Wistar stocks

Several aspects of spontaneous and conditioned behavior (food and water intake, locomotion and emotionality, passive and active avoidance acquisition and retention) of standard (albino and pigmented) rats, and rats heterozygous (HEDI) and homozygous (HODI) for diabetes insipidus, are reviewed. As would be expected, HODI rats have been repeatedly found to consume far more fluid than either HEDI or control rats. Pigmented rats appear to be more active than albinos. HODI rats exhibit less marked emotional responses than do control rats, among which the pigmented ones exhibit the highest emotionality. Light aversion is more evident in albino than in pigmented rats. No differences are found among HEDI, HODI and normal Long Evans rats. It is quite difficult to provide a clear-cut statement concerning inter-strain differences in passive avoidance behavior, possibly because of the variety of techniques employed. In any case, HODI rats do not perform worse than normal controls do. In one-way active avoidance paradigms, pigmented rats perform better than albinos, and the performance of HODI rats does not differ from that of controls. In two-way avoidance paradigms, albinos appear to outperform pigmented rats. Once again, there are no obvious differences between HODI and control animals.In addition to indicating that HODI rats may actually be less emotional than the other groups of rats reviewed here, the studies described once again fail to confirm the previously alleged functions of vasopressin in memory consolidation.     

Antidiuretic effects of oxytocin in the Brattleboro rat

Summary The antidiuretic activity of oxytocin (OT) was measured in Brattleboro rats with congenital diabetes insipidus. A dose dependent antidiuretic response was found in animals receiving chronic infusions of 0.1 g/h, 1.0 g/h, and 5 g/h of OT. OT infused at the rate of 5 g/h over a 7-day period completely reversed the symptoms of diabetes insipidus. The results support the concept that OT serves as a weak agonist of vasopressin at the level of the kidney and at pharmacological levels exhibits antidiuretic activity.     

针刺老年大鼠"足三里"、"关元"穴对SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活性影响的实验研究

通过针刺老年大鼠“足三里”、“关元”穴^(1)观测大鼠脑、心、肾组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH—PX)活性的变化来探讨针刺与衰老的关系。采用生物化学方法检测针刺后大鼠组织内SOD、CAT、GSH—PX含量的变化。结果表明，针刺能提高脑、心、肾组织中SOD、CAT及GSH—PX活性。提示针刺老年大鼠“足三里”、“关元”穴区能提高氧化清除酶活性，抑制脂质过氧化反应，从而起到延缓衰老的进程，达到抗衰老作用。     

新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤神经元退行性变方式的超微结构

目的：利用电镜技术研究新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤后神经元退行性变方式。方法：对7日龄SD大鼠采用左侧颈总动脉永久性结扎联合体积分数为7，7％低氧吸人1h复制模型。分别在复氧后4、24、72h及1周取材，观察左侧海马皮质部退行性变神经元的超微结构。结果：神经元退行性变形式包括坏死、杂合体、凋亡、脂性退变及暗细胞。结论：新生大鼠缺氧缺血脑损伤神经元退行性变形式多样。     

四川片口自然保护区中华竹鼠对生境选择的初步研究

作者通过随机设置112个20m×20m的样方,采用Vanderloeg和Scaiva选择指数对四川片口自然保护区中华竹鼠生境选择进行了研究.结果表明,中华竹鼠喜欢选择东南坡、中坡位、坡度适中(25-45°)、上层乔木郁闭度大于50%的常绿落阔混交林或落叶阔叶林采食青川箭竹,对于基径较粗(大于10mm)、密度适中(20-40株/m2)、距水源较近且远离人为活动干扰的青川箭竹林更加青睐.     

UHPLC-MS/MS法同时测定大鼠血浆中汉黄芩素、隐绿原酸和白杨素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷含量

建立了UHPLC-MS/MS同时测定大鼠血浆中的汉黄芩素、隐绿原酸和白杨素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷含量的方法。以芹菜苷为内标,采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm),乙腈和0.1％甲酸溶液为流动相,流速为0.2 mL·min^-1。结果表明,汉黄芩素、隐绿原酸和白杨素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷线性范围为1～1 000 ng·mL^-1(R2>0.99),最低定量浓度为1 ng·mL^-1,提取回收率、基质效应均符合生物样品分析要求。建立的方法灵敏、准确,可用于大鼠血浆中汉黄芩素、隐绿原酸和白杨素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷的测定及其药代动力学研究。     

听觉线索引导大鼠空间定位

运用Morris水迷宫实验模式,研究听觉线索在大鼠进行空间定位时的作用.结果显示:听觉线索引导组和对照组动物在4 d内寻找平台的时间和错误率均显著下降.但与对照组动物相比,听觉线索引导组动物寻找隐藏平台的时间和错误率均较低,2组之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05).对动物的轨迹分析发现,听觉线索引导组和对照组动物在水池边缘区域分配的时间不同,提示2组动物寻找平台所用的策略不同.实验结果提示,大鼠能够利用单独的声音线索进行空间定位.     

低剂量铅对神经细胞粘附分子表达的影响研究

为了探讨神经细胞粘附分子(NCAM)在铅神经发育毒性中的作用,分别从体内、体外途径观察了低水平铅暴露对海马NCAM表达的影响。结果表明:铅明显抑制了海马神经元NCAM的表达,抑制程度随时间延长逐渐减弱,随剂量增加逐渐增强。提示:无论体内还是体外,低水平铅均显著抑制了Wistar大鼠海马NCAM的表达,并造成海马NCAM表达时程上的延迟。     

Patterns of artificial avian nest predation by introduced rats in a fragmented laurel forest (Tenerife,Canary Islands)

The importance of introduced rats as damaging factors on island biotas is globally recognized. The predation of artificial avian nests by Ship rats (Rattus rattus) in fragmented laurel forests in Tenerife (Canary Islands) was explored. The influence of road edge, patch type, and position (ground versus tree) on nest survival in two forest remnants differing in conservation degree, were assessed using failure‐time analysis. Overall, nest predation was greater in the preserved than in the disturbed remnant. Nest predation also differed among and within patches, variation being greater within the disturbed remnant. The probability of nest failure was higher at the interior than along the road edge in both remnants, but the road edge effect on nest predation was more intense in the disturbed remnant. Predation pressure was higher in patches of mature, closed canopy or dense understorey with stump sprouting. Ground nests were predated at higher rates than tree nests at any location. These results contrast with other nest predation studies in fragmented landscapes where forest edges rather than the interior are more frequently used by predators. Predatory activity by rats seems negatively affected by forest disturbance and road edge effect. Overall, artificial nest predation patterns by rats confirm a potential predation risk for the avifauna of the Canarian laurel forest. This should be considered in implementing conservation management programmes.