基于线性元的电阻抗成像的数学模型和算法

本文讨论了电阻抗成像的数学模型，先利用有限元方法将其离散化，再把它转化为非线性优化问题，并给出了利用牛顿法求解这一问题的具体算法．最后进行了一系列数值仿真对比实验，证实了这一算法的有效性，指出了其中存在的问题．     

Newton’s notion and practice of unification

In this paper I deal with a neglected topic with respect to unification in Newton’s Principia. I will clarify Newton’s notion (as can be found in Newton’s utterances on unification) and practice of unification (its actual occurrence in his scientific work). In order to do so, I will use the recent theories on unification as tools of analysis (Kitcher, Salmon and Schurz). I will argue, after showing that neither Kitcher’s nor Schurz’s account aptly capture Newton’s notion and practice of unification, that Salmon’s later work is a good starting point for analysing this notion and its practice in the Principia. Finally, I will supplement Salmon’s account in order to answer the question at stake.     

用微分连续法求解Newton运动方程

用微分连续法构造性地证明了Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ运动方程（组）周期解的存在性和唯一性，并给出了数值计算方法及数值计算实例，计算结果表明，所用方法不仅大范围收敛，而且还具有收敛快、精度高等优点。     

一类流体力学方程组第二边值问题的弱解

讨论了一类修正的Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ型方程组Ｎｅｕｍａｎｎ边值问题的可解性和解的性质，并应用于化学工程中十分重要的非牛顿流体流动的研究中。     

用牛顿插值法求解梁的挠度

通过比较求解梁挠度的常用方法—积分法和叠加法的优缺点之后,提出一种新的计算方法—牛顿插值法.     

Early eighteenth-century Newtonianism: the Huguenot contribution

John Theophilus Desaguliers’s allegorical poem The Newtonian system of the world, the best model of government (1728) crystallizes the contribution of several important French Protestant exiles to the construction of early Newtonianism. In the context of diverging interpretations of Newton’s scientific achievement in terms of natural religion, writers such as Des Maizeaux, Coste, Le Clerc and others actively disseminated a version of Newtonianism which was close to Newton’s own intention. Through public experiments, translations, correspondence, reviews and books, they managed to convey a vision of Newtonian science which coincided with their propaganda of English liberties in Church and State. Therefore their effort on behalf of Newtonianism can be interpreted as part of a wider strategy of assimilation into English society at a time when most exiled Huguenots had given up hope of ever recreating a French Reformed Church at home.     

左截断右删失数据下尺度参数与协变量相关时广义指数分布的估计及应用

在左截断右删失数据类型下,当时间变量T服从广义指数分布时,针对尺度参数是否受协变量影响建立两种模型,并用极大似然估计法给出参数估计,用Newton-Raphson算法求解参数估计.将两种模型分别应用到变压器寿命数据集和Channing house数据集中,得到了其生存函数和风险函数.     

求解平面连杆机构位置问题的牛顿法

从平面连杆机构的闭环矢量方程出发,介绍了求解平面连杆机构位置问题的牛顿迭代法.通过对典型平面连杆机构的分析,说明其在机构运动分析中的具体应用方法,并给出相应实例验证该方法的有效性,同时还介绍了机构运动分析中迭代初值的计算方法.     

李-凯斯勒方程的牛顿-二分求解法

李-凯斯勒方程能够准确描述烃类多组分混合流体P-V-T(压强-体积-温度)性质,在稠油化学复合冷采过程中,李-凯斯勒方程常常被用于计算稠油的物性。通过对牛顿法和二分法进行优势互补,提出了基于最小自由能原理的李-凯斯勒方程牛顿-二分混合求解算法。该算法先是参照二分法的思路迅速从李-凯斯勒方程的定义域内搜寻出目标区间,随后利用牛顿迭代公式求解出区间内的实根及对应的吉布斯自由能,最后迭代这一过程直至自由能不再下降。牛顿-二分混合算法的优点包括：对初值不敏感,无需配合复杂的初值生成规则使用;收敛速度快,相较于二分法而言可以加速1～2倍;适用范围广,可同时适用于气相与液相流体。相较于牛顿法和二分法而言,牛顿-二分混合算法更适合嵌入各类模拟软件中进行混合流体的P-V-T性质计算。     

Lagrange插指与Newton插指的注记

文章对Lagrange插指多项式进行了改进,得到了改进的Lagrange插指多项式和重心型Lagrange插指多项式。重心型Lagrange插指多项式具有计算量小、数值计算稳定性好和增加新的插指节点不需重新计算原有插指节点基函数的优点。同时该文还讨论了Lagrange插指多项式与Newton插指多项式的相互转化,给出了与Newton插指多项式与Lagrange插指多项式相互转化的算法。