用聚砜超滤膜处理含油污水的实验研究

主要研究了处理含油污水用的聚砜超滤膜的分离、透过性能与制膜液配方(聚合物浓度、溶剂及添加剂的种类和配比)之间的关系.确定了最佳的制膜液配比.所制得的膜在操作压力为0.36MPa(绝)时,其纯水通量为750L/(m~2·h).处理含石油类36～100ppm的含油污水时透过液通量达130～355L/(m~2·h).透过液中含油量降至10ppm以下.透过液中的石油类、悬浮物及色度等都基本上达到国家排放标准及油田注水用标准.     

Polypeptide translocation machinery of the yeast endoplasmic reticulum

Proteins enter the secretory pathway by two general routes. In one, the complete polypeptide is made in the cytoplasm and held in an incompletely folded state by chaperoning adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) such as hsp70. InSaccharomyces cerevisiae, fully synthesized secretory precursors engage the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane by interaction with a set of Sec proteins comprising the polypeptide translocation apparatus (Sec61p, Sec62p, Sec63p, Sec71p, Sec72p). Productive interaction requires displacement of hsp70 from the precursor, a reaction that is facilitated by Ydj1p, a homologue of theEscherichia coli DnaJ protein. Both DnaJ and Ydj1p regulate chaperone activity by stimulating the ATPase activity of their respective hsp70 partners (E. coli DnaK andS. cerevisiae Ssa1p, resepectively). In the ER lumen, another hsp70 chaperone, BiP, binds ATP and interacts with the ER membrane via its contact with a peptide loop of Sec63p. This loop represents yet another DnaJ homologue in that it contains a region of 70 residue similarity to the J box, the most conserved region of the DnaJ family of proteins. In the presence of ATP, under conditions in which BiP can bind to Sec63p, the secretory precursor passes from the cytosol into the lumen through a membrane channel formed by Sec61 p. A second route to the membrane pore that is used by many other secretory precursors, particularly in mammalian cells, requires that the polypeptide engage the ER membrane as the nascent chain emerges from the ribosome. Such cotranslational translocation bypasses the need for certain Sec proteins, instead utilizing an alternate set of cytosolic and membrane factors that allows the nascent chain to be inserted directly into the Sec61p channel.     

Some citrus chitinases also possess chitosanase activities

Several acidic chitinase and chitosanase isoforms were found in 4-week-old nonembryogenic sweet orange (Valencia [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]) callus tissue. Two isoforms (designated A1-CF1 and A1-CF2) were purified to homogeneity using HPLC size exclusion, anion exchange, and chromatofocusing techniques. Both hydrolase isoforms exhibited activity with either colloidal chitin or solubilized shrimp shell chitosan. Specific activities for the purified isoforms could not be calculated because of the lack of protein and contamination of ampholytes. However, the specific activities for chitinase and chitosanase after anion exchange were respectively 404 nmol GlcNAc per min per mg protein and 2,475 nmol GlcN per min per mg protein. The M_r for both enzymes was 30,500. The homogeneous proteins cross-reacted in western blots with antiserum against a basic class I potato leaf chitinase.     

二甲苯蓝FF与蛋白质相互作用的分光光度研究

在pH1 7～2 8的弱酸性介质中,二甲苯蓝FF与牛血清蛋白、人血清蛋白、卵白蛋白、α 糜蛋白酶等作用形成结合产物时将导致吸收光谱发生变化,在390nm处产生明显的褪色作用,而在560nm附近吸光度增强,其ΔA值均与蛋白浓度成正比,根据蛋白质的不同分别在0～60mg/L或0～80mg/L范围内符合Beer定律,不同蛋白质的表观摩尔吸光系数在2 8×105至1 3×106之间.据此,建立了一种测定蛋白质的双波长叠加分析法.该法应用于血清蛋白样品中总蛋白质的质量分析,回收率在98 7%～102 9%范围内.     

视黄醇结合蛋白基因的研究发展

视黄醇结合蛋白(Retinol-Binding Proteins，RBP)是一类维生素A的运载蛋白，参与血清和细胞内视黄醇／酸的转运，是疏水小分子结合蛋白家族的成员。RBP主要在肝脏中合成并释放入血液进而进入各种组织，通过与视黄醇、前白蛋白及细胞表面受体相互作用，在维生素A的储存、代谢、转运到周围靶器官中具有重要功能。细胞内视黄醇结合蛋白则主要在细胞内发挥类似作用。本文主要就血清及细胞内视黄醇结合蛋白的基因结构、作用机理、发育性表达、组织定位及染色体定位、对动物繁殖性能和胚胎发育的影响等方面进行综述。     

用聚砜和磺化聚砜超滤膜处理含油污水的研究

在实验室中自行合成磺化聚砜（ＳＰＳ），刮制成板式、管式超滤膜，进行处理含油污水的实验室小试及现场中试，并与聚砜（ＰＳ）超滤膜对比．自制ＳＰＳ超滤膜的透水速度随离子交换当量（ＩＥＣ）的增大而增大．选用ＩＥＣ值在０．１～０．２ｍｏｌ／ｇ的ＳＰＳ作为膜材料．在处理含石油类（１０～８０ｍｇ／Ｌ）的含油污水时，与ＰＳ膜对比，ＳＰＳ膜的通量下降率较小，能维持较高的水通量；二者的截留率都在９０％以上，透过液中含油量、悬浮物、细菌等都基本达到国家排放标准及油田回注水水质标准．因此，从膜性能角度考虑，以ＳＰＳ膜代替ＰＳ膜在一定条件下能维持较高通量，有一定的优越性．     

动物血液学的比较研究 Ⅱ．几种脊椎动物的血象、血清蛋白和血液流变学的观察

本文报导了虎纹蛙、黑眶蟾蜍的血象、血清蛋白，中国雨蛙的白细胞分类计数和罗非鱼、家鸽、家兔的血液流变学的研究结果，为比较生理学研究提供基础资料．     

膜分离技术在印染废水回用中的应用现状

根据国内外有关资料,综合介绍了反渗透、纳滤、微滤和超滤的工作原理及其在印染水回用方面的应用效果和优缺点,并就几种膜分离组合工艺在印染水回用上的应用情况做了论述。     

氟喹诺酮类药物与蛋白质相互作用的研究

运用荧光淬灭机理研究了氟喹诺酮类药物洛美沙星，氧氟沙星，衣诺沙星与3种蛋白质(牛血清蛋白，免疫球蛋白，胰蛋白酶)之间的相互作用，计算了两者之间的结合常数和结合位点数，根据实验当中所得的热力学参数确定了它们之间的作用类型，氟喹诺酮类药物的含量与其荧光强度呈现良好的线性关系，在此实验条件下测定了胶囊及人工合成样中洛美沙星和衣诺沙星的含量，其浓度范围分别为0．018～0．878和0．030～3．171μg／mL。