Functional investigations of exercising muscle: a noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy-magnetic resonance imaging approach

Muscle fatigue, which is defined as the decline in muscle performance during exercise, may occur at different sites along the pathway from the central nervous system through to the intramuscular contractile machinery. Historically, both impairment of neuromuscular transmission and peripheral alterations within the muscle have been proposed as causative factors of fatigue development. However, according to more recent studies, muscle energetics play a key role in this process. Intramyoplasmic accumulation of inorganic phosphate (P_i) and limitation in ATP availability have been frequently evoked as the main mechanisms leading to fatigue. Although attractive, these hypotheses have been elaborated on the basis of experimental results obtained in vitro, and their physiological relevance has never been clearly demonstrated in vivo. In that context, noninvasive methods such as 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy and surface electromyography have been employed to understand both metabolic and electrical aspects of muscle fatigue under physiological conditions. Mapping of muscles activated during exercise is another interesting issue which can be addressed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Exercise-induced T2 changes have been used in order to locate activated muscles and also as a quantitative index of exercise intensity. The main results related to both issues, i.e. the metabolic and electrical aspects of fatigue and the MRI functional investigation of exercising muscle, are discussed in the present review.Received 4 September 2003; received after revision 4 December 2003; accepted 22 December 2003     

Melkersson-Rosenthal综合征3例临床分析

Melkersson-Rosenthal综合征，是一种罕见的神经，皮肤粘膜综合征，临床以间歇性面瘫，再发性唇面肿胀及皱襞舌为三主症，激素治疗有显著疗效，但国内报道极少，早期诊断困难，易被诊，本文报道我院近十年来收治的3例完全型MRS病人及随访资料，结合国内外文献，就其病因，发病机制，临床特征及近年来研究进展进行分析，认为该病发病机理可能与免疫功能异常所致组织炎性肉芽肿有关。     

上海重霾期PM2.5碳质组分污染特征及来源分析

基于Sunset碳分析仪对上海城区冬季重污染期PM_(2. 5)中的有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)浓度展开为期一个月(2014年12月1日～31日)的小时分辨率在线连续监测,并采用优化的最小R2算法对二次有机气溶胶(SOC)含量进行了估算。观测期间的PM_(2. 5)、OC和EC的平均浓度(mean±1σ)分别为(67. 5±40. 5)μg·m~(-3),(9. 9±4. 8)μg·m~(-3),(3. 1±1. 7)μg·m~(-3),其中总碳TC占PM_(2. 5)质量浓度比重为32. 2%。OC/EC的平均值为3. 5,SOC的浓度(2. 4±2. 3)μg·m~(-3),占OC比重为24. 5%。EC浓度的日变化与车流量一致,呈现出显著的早晚高值,表明机动车是上海EC的主要污染源。SOC浓度在午后达到极大值,说明光化学反应是SOC形成的重要过程。对采样期间的一次典型污染事件(15日20:00～16日5:00)进行来源分析发现,来自于生物质燃烧输送和机动车一次排放的贡献较少;而SOC占OC的比重明显高于非污染期间,表明二次成核是雾霾期有机气溶胶污染的关键过程。     

基于Web的脑肿瘤辅助决策系统的设计和实现

 随着磁共振图像和波谱在脑肿瘤诊断中的应用研究的日益增多,迫切需要建立数据库来存储管理大量的磁共振图像、波谱数据以及病人信息,并开发数据共享平台,为进一步的分析研究提供便利.本文采用MYSQL+Apache+PHP的B/S/S体系结构设计开发了一个基于Web的脑肿瘤诊断辅助决策系统,系统使用基于MVC模式的Zend框架,实现了用户信息管理,病人病历管理,磁共振图像和波谱数据的查询、下载、上传,脑肿瘤体积计算和位置显示等功能,为医生、波谱研究人员、三维重建人员提供了便利,为磁共振波谱对脑肿瘤的进一步研究奠定了基础,对远程医学资料共享和远程诊断具有实用价值.     

用改良MRS培养基检测啤酒中乳酸菌的方法

用补充麦芽糖和清酒的改良MRS培养基来检测啤酒中的乳酸菌,对生成的菌落进行观察和镜检,并通过KOH 试验和过氧化氢酶试验进一步证实。     

一个关于生产和交易一般均衡条件的混乱论述与推导

讨论生产与交易的一般均衡条件问题,分析厉以宁在其主编的《西方经济学》[1]一书中的相关论述,指出其中存在的逻辑混乱,详细分析其数学模型,指出其数学推导中存在诸如格朗日函数中的自变量与参变量不分等问题,并给出数学模型,说明在一定条件下,对于生产可能性边界上给定的点S,在契约曲线C-C上可以不存在边际替代率与S点的边际转换率相等的点,以说明[1]中的说法是完全错误的.     

Personality and neurochemicals in the human brain： A preliminary study using ^1H MRS

To investigate the neuro-biological bases of introversion-extraversion personality traits, the concentration of four neuroehemieals （Cho, mI, α-Glx and NAA） in anterior eigulate gyrus between normal extroverts and introverts were examined using non-invasive ^1H MRS technique. Our study revealed that introverts have significantly higher level of α-Glx, Cho and mI in the anterior eingulate gyrus than extroverts. This result provides new evidence that the anterior eingulate gyrus is related to personality traits partly in support of Eysenek＇s supposition that introverts have higher arousal level than extroverts. Moreover, this result offers neuroehemieal data for psychobiological theories of personality.     

Magnetic resonance and the human brain: anatomy, function and metabolism

The introduction and development, over the last three decades, of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR spectroscopy technology for in vivo studies of the human brain represents a truly remarkable achievement, with enormous scientific and clinical ramifications. These effectively non-invasive techniques allow for studies of the anatomy, the function and the metabolism of the living human brain. They have allowed for new understandings of how the healthy brain works and have provided insights into the mechanisms underlying multiple disease processes which affect the brain. Different MR techniques have been developed for studying anatomy, function and metabolism. The primary focus of this review is to describe these different methodologies and to briefly review how they are being employed to more fully appreciate the intricacies associated with the organ, which most distinctly differentiates the human species from the other animal forms on earth. Received 1 November 2005; received after revision 11 January 2006; accepted 25 January 2006     

脑卒中后椎体束华勒变性的功能磁共振研究

目的应用扩散张量与磁共振波谱技术,对急性脑卒中患者进行分析,探讨其反映患者病情变化的价值.方法取一侧脑卒中患者26例,健康志愿者30例.在常规扫描后再进行DTI,MRS扫描,采用NIHSS和BI评分评价患者功能,并定期复查.分析患者梗死病灶、大脑脚ADC值、FA值及MRS的代谢产物数值变化.结果 1）病灶FA值低于正常值,与NIHSS呈正相关,与BI呈负相关.脑干FA值减小,提示神经纤维出现华勒变性;2）病灶NAA下降,低于正常侧,P〈0.01;病灶侧Cr,Cho较正常侧改变不明显,P〉0.05;大脑脚NAA 1个月后降低.结论对脑卒中患者进行DTI与MRS扫描,能较早反映患者病情严重程度,还能判断预后,并指导临床康复治疗.