喜玛拉雅白皮松种子组分的分析

本文对喜玛拉雅白皮松种子的主要成分进行了分析,结果表明胚乳和胚中脂肪含量高达57.57％和31.84％,且均可检测出6种脂肪酸;两种组织中蛋白质含量分别为14.15％和23.09％,其水解物均可检测出20种氨基酸;胚中含有较多的可溶性糖,而淀粉较少。     

Lipid transport pathways in mammalian cells

Summary A major deficit in our understanding of membrane biogenesis in eukaryotes is the definition of mechanisms by which the lipid constituents of cell membranes are transported from their sites of intracellular synthesis to the multiplicity of membranes that constitute a typical cell. A variety of approaches have been used to examine the transport of lipids to different organelles. In many cases the development of new methods has been necessary to study the problem. These methods include cytological examination of cells labeled with fluorescent lipid analogs, improved methods of subcellular fractionation, in situ enzymology that demonstrates lipid translocation by changes in lipid structure, and cell-free reconstitution with isolated organelles. Several general patterns of lipid transport have emerged but there does not appear to be a unifying mechanism by which lipids move among different organelles. Significant evidence now exists for vesicular and metabolic energy-dependent mechanisms as well as mechanisms that are clearly independent of cellular ATP content.     

微量元素强化污泥和油脂厌氧共消化生物产气的研究

在序批式厌氧反应器中比较了污泥单独发酵,污泥+油脂,污泥+油脂+微量元素发酵生物气的产量及甲烷的含量并探究了微量元素对污泥和油脂共消化产甲烷的影响。实验结果表明微量元素的投加能够显著提高生物气的产量,并且产量为243 mL/g挥发性悬浮固体(VSS),是空白组的1.3倍。然而对甲烷的体积分数作用不明显。微量元素的存在能够提高水解和酸化过程,为产甲烷菌提供更多的消化基质。进一步研究发现,微量元素能够减少污泥和油脂共消化过程中长链脂肪酸的积累,减缓了长链脂肪酸对产甲烷菌的抑制影响。     

顽拗型种子贮藏和脱水过程中碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质的生化变化

顽拗型种子通常不能干燥到较低含水量或贮藏较长时间而不受伤害。导致这一问题的生化机制因属不同甚至同一属中的种不同而异。笔者测定了栎属、槭属和七叶树属顽拗型种子在室温下贮藏或干燥过程中的生化变化。虽然贮藏脂肪组成的变化是不确定的，但膜脂肪和蛋白质的结构以及蔗糖含量发生了变化。用两份白橡树种子在室温下贮藏12d的实验表明，脱水样品的蔗糖含量发生很大变化，而保持水分的样品中蔗糖含量变化很小。因此，保持水分种子的蔗糖用于正常的生长和发育，而干燥种子的蔗糖则用作糖保护剂。尽管如此，蔗糖的存在也许能保护干燥橡实的细胞膜不致破裂，但蔗糖不能保持橡实的生活力。     

Lipid transfer in plants

Summary Plant cells contain cytosolic proteins, called lipid transfer proteins (LTP), which are able to facilitate in vitro intermembrane transfer of phospholipids. Proteins of this kind from three plants, purified to homogeneity, have several properties in common: molecular mass around 9 kDa, high isoelectric point, lack of specificity for phospholipids, and binding ability for fatty acids. The comparison of their amino acid sequences revealed striking homologies and conserved domains which are probably involved in their function as LTPs. These proteins could play a major role in membrane biogenesis by conveying phospholipids from their site of biosynthesis to membranes unable to form these lipids. Immunochemical methods were used to establish an in vivo correlation between membrane biogenesis and the level of LTP or the amount of LTP synthesized in vitro from mRNAs. The recent isolation of a full-length cDNA allows novel approaches to studying the participation of LTPs in the biogenesis of plant cell membranes.