In vivo effects of immunostimulating lipopeptides on mouse liver microsomal cytochromes P-450 and on paracetamol-induced toxicity

Summary Immunomodulating lipopeptides lauroyl-L-Ala--D-Glu-LL-A2pmNH2-Gly (RP 44.102) and lauroyl-L-Ala--D-Glu-LL-A2pmNH2 (RP 56.142) were found to protect mice against the hepatotoxicity of paracetamol, which is due to cytochrome P-450 dependent formation of toxic metabolites and radicals. In fact they decreased the amount of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450, and the level of CCl₄-induced lipid peroxidation. In contrast lauroyl-L-Ala--D-Glu-DD-A2pmNH2 (RP 53.204), which only differs by the configuration of the two chiral carbons of A2pm (diaminopimelic acid) and is not an immunomodulating agent, failed to protect against poisoning by paracetamol and had no effect on the level of hepatic cytochrome P-450 or the microsomal CCl₄-induced lipid peroxidation. This provides a clear connection between the immunostimulating properties of a compound and its effects on xenobiotic biotransformations.     

Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the binding of Merocyanine 540 to human erythrocytes

The fluorescent dye Merocyanine 540 (MC540) is often used as a probe to monitor the molecular packing of phospholipids in the outer leaflet of biomembranes. In a previous study we showed that the increased staining of erythrocytes with a perturbed membrane structure was mainly due to an increase in the fluorescence yield of cell-bound MC540, rather than to an increase of the number of bound molecules. Erythrocytes and ghosts exposed to continuous fluxes of H₂O₂ exhibited pronounced lipid peroxidation. Further, red blood cells subjected to this form of oxidative stress also showed increased staining with MC540. It appeared that this was caused by a strong increase in binding of MC540, together with a slight red shift of the fluorescence emission maximum and a small increase in the fluorescence yield of bound MC540. The changed MC540 binding characteristics were not observed when lipid peroxidation was suppressed by the presence of the antioxidant BHT in the incubation medium. However, open ghosts exposed to H₂O₂ showed no increase of MC540 binding, excluding a direct involvement of lipid peroxidation. Measurement of fluorescence emission spectra and gel filtration studies showed that MC540 can bind to H₂O₂-exposed hemoglobin. Experiments with erythrocytes lysed in hypotonic medium after exposure to H₂O₂ revealed that peroxidation of lipids with H₂O₂ induced a non-specific permeabilization of the plasma membrane to MC540, thereby allowing MC540 to bind to the oxidatively denatured, more hydrophobic hemoglobin. These results indicate that conclusions about packing of phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the membrane based on increased MC540-staining should be drawn with care. Received 27 September 1996; received after revision 5 November 1996; accepted 27 November 1996     

预辐照聚乙烯膜共接枝丙烯酸和苯乙烯单体的研究

利用预辐照聚乙烯膜产生的过氧化物与丙烯酸和苯乙烯单体共接枝，讨论了单体组成、单体浓度、预辐照剂量、接枝温度等对接枝共聚反应的影响。     

牦牛血清转铁蛋白对人红细胞膜氧化损伤的保护作用

牦牛血清中分离纯化的转铁蛋白对人红细胞膜的抗氧化具有保护作用 .方法 :采用黄嘌呤 /黄嘌呤氧化酶、Fe2 + /H2 O2 两个体系产生的O·2 -、OH·对红细胞膜造成氧化损伤 ,通过丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化酶活性的测定研究牦牛转铁蛋白在抗氧化方面的作用与机制 .结果 :O·2 -和OH·可以造成红细胞膜丙二醛量的显著增加 ,超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化酶活性的下降 .当适量不同浓度牦牛血清转铁蛋白在黄嘌呤 /黄嘌呤氧化酶、Fe2 + /H2 O2 两个体系前处理可以抑制丙二醛的产生 ,保护红细胞膜免受丙二醛的氧化损伤并且使超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化酶活性升高 .提示 ,牦牛血清转铁蛋白对O·2 -和OH·自由基引起的氧化损伤有保护作用     

富硒乳酸菌抗肝损伤小鼠红细胞脂质过氧化作用

选择60只健康雌雄对半成年小鼠，随机分成对照组(C组)，富硒乳酸菌组(Se组)，CCl4-富硒乳酸菌组(CCl4-Se)，CCl4注射组(CCl4组)，通过腹腔注射CCl4诱发肝损伤，分别在第2、4、6周采集血样并测定红细胞溶血液中GSH-Px、GST和SOD活性及MDA含量．研究富硒乳酸菌对CCl4诱发肝损伤小鼠红细胞脂质过氧化损伤的保护作用．结果显示，在整个实验期内，SOD各组间未见明显差异；GST表现为Se组最高，呈上升趋势，且在第6周高于或明显高于其他符组，CCl4组低于或明显低于C组和CCl4-Se组，C组和CCl4-Se组相近；C组、Se组和CCl4-Se组GSH—Px活性无明显差异，而CCl4组随负荷时间呈下降趋势，第4周后明显低于其余三组．C组和CCl4-Se组的MDA无明显差异，Se组整体水平低于或明显低于其它三组，CCl4组高于或显著高于其它三组．提示CCl4诱发肝损伤小鼠红细胞脂质过氧化变化剧烈，富硒乳酸菌制剂能通过抗损伤保护以及增强抗氧化酶活性发挥有效作用．     

乐清产缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)肉营养成分的研究

就缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)的营养成分进行了分析。用干燥法、凯氏定氮法、灼烧法、酸水解法、蒽酮比色法等方法,分别对其水分、蛋白质、灰分、脂肪、碳水化合物等营养成分作了测定。结果显示:水分、蛋白质、灰分、脂肪、碳水化合物占缢蛏肉百分比分别为85.56%,10.16%,2.82%,0.55%,0.93%。经比较,本实验缢蛏中的蛋白质成分高于其它地区。说明乐清产缢蛏是一种高蛋白、低脂肪,富含灰分的海味佳品。     

健心1号对超氧自由基与心肌细胞脂质过氧化生成的抑制作用

本文观察到健心1号具有较强的清除超氧自由基能力.并测定健心1号复方制剂的不同浓度,对超氧自由基(O_2~-)的清除效率.结果表明:随着健心1号浓度的增高,清除O_2~-的能力也增强. 作者又研究了健心1号对心肌细胞脂质过氧化作用的影响.结果表明:健心1号对~(60)Coγ射线照射和体外温育诱导培养心肌细胞过氧化脂质的生成有明显的抑制作用.     

海南省特有植物抗脂质过氧化作用的初步研究

本文对海南省３６科６４种特有植物进行了抗脂质过氧化作用的测定，结果表明，有１１种植物具有抗脂质过氧化作用，其中有８种植物抗脂质过氧化作用特别明显，可作为抗脂质过氧化药物筛选的参考．     

啤酒及其酚类提取物的抗氧化作用

目的 研究啤酒及其酚类提取物的抗氧化作用。方法 通过啤酒及其提取物对超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基和脂质过氧化的抑制作用进行评价。结果 在相同浓度下，啤酒对羟基自由基的抑制能力最强，其次是脂质过氧化和超氧阴离子自由基。啤酒酚类提取物对脂质过氧化的抑制能力最强，然后是羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基。结论 啤酒及其酚类提取物具有较明显的抗氧化作用，且啤酒的抗氧化作用大于其酚类提取物，这说明在啤酒中还可能含有其他的抗氧化成分。     

盐度对桐花树幼苗根茎叶膜保护系统的影响

研究了红树植物桐花树幼苗根茎叶各器官在不同盐分处理下，蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶及膜脂质过氧化作用的变化情况。结果表明：随着盐分的增加，叶和根的蛋白质含量均有所下降，而茎的蛋白质含量则有所升高。各器官膜脂质过氧化作用随盐度增加都有增加．过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性随盐度增加则有微弱下降或基本保持稳定，而超氧化物歧化酶活性则表现出较为明显的下降趋势，讨论了桐花树幼苗在盐度存在情况下膜脂质过氧化作用和膜保护酶系统的关系。