道德哲学在康德哲学体系中的地位和现实价值

康德哲学以实践本质为特征,以三大批判,即《纯粹理性批判》、《实践理性批判》和《判断力批判》为主要内容构筑了完整的哲学体系。在这个体系中,先验的自我作为理性的存在,在一切伦理行为中构成绝对命令的依据,使道德成为可能。因此,道德哲学在整个哲学体系中占居主导地位,是全部哲学体系的实质和核心。康德道德哲学的最终目的就是找寻做人之道,揭示规范“人的行为”的道德“法令”,构筑“至善”的道德人格,这些思想至今仍不失其启迪价值和功效。     

Closing the door to cloud-cuckoo land: a reply to Šešelja and Straßer

Šešelja and Straßer’s critique fails to hit its target for two main reasons. First, the argument is not that Kuhn is a rationalist because he is a coherentist. Although Kuhn can be taken as a rationalist because of his commitment to epistemic values, coherence analysis provides a more comprehensive characterisation of cognitive process in scientific change than any of these values alone can offer. Further, we should understand Kuhn as characterising science as the best form of rationality we have outside logic, which rules out algorithmic rationality and allows non-cognitive factors to play a role in theory change. Second, Šešelja and Straßer overemphasise the importance of a priori reasoning in Kuhn, which was only an alternative to his earlier historical-empirical approach. My suggestion is that Kuhn’s neo-Kantian historical cognitivism integrates the earlier empirical and the later a-prioristic orientations. According to it, that any understanding of the world is preconditioned by some kind of mental module that is liable to change, detected as a discontinuity in the historical record of science.     

道德哲学在康德哲学体系中的地位和现实价值

康德哲学以实践本质为特征,以三大批判,即《纯粹理性批判》、《实践理性批判》和《判断力批判》为主要内容构筑了完整的哲学体系。在这个体系中,先验的自我作为理性的存在,在一切伦理行为中构成绝对命令的依据,使道德成为可能。因此,道德哲学在整个哲学体系中占居主导地位,是全部哲学体系的实质和核心。康德道德哲学的最终目的就是找寻做人之道,揭示规范“人的行为”的道德“法令”,构筑“至善”的道德人格,这些思想至今仍不失其启迪价值和功效。