"化学"译名与戴德生无关考

由胡宣明译<戴德生传>可知,中文"化学"译名与戴德生无关.由王韬<蘅华馆日记>推断,中文"化学"译名至迟于咸丰四年底(1855年2月初)由王韬等人制定.     

关于《土生子》中象征意义写作手法的运用

基于对美国作家理查德.赖特的浊说《土生子》的深层次理解,对其大量具有象征意义的写作手法进行了深入的分析,以求探讨这部具有不可思议吸引力的小说的真谛。     

Maxwell's color statistics: From reduction of visible errors to reduction to invisible molecules

This paper presents a cross-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary account of Maxwell's introduction of statistical models of molecules for the composition of gases. The account focuses on Maxwell's deployment of statistical models of data in his contemporaneous color researches as established in Cambridge mathematical physics, especially by Maxwell's seniors and mentors. The paper also argues that the cross-disciplinary, or cross-domain, transfer of resources from the natural and social sciences took place in both directions and relied on the complex intra-disciplinary, or intra-domain, dynamics of Maxwell's researches in natural sciences, in color theory, physical astronomy, electromagnetism and dynamical theory of gases, as well as involving a variety of types of communicating and mediating media, from material objects to concepts, techniques and institutions.     

英语专业《圣经》课程刍议

《圣经》对英语语言文学的影响是巨大的。没有对《圣经》的基本了解,就谈不上正确认识西方,也无法真正领略到西方文学的精髓。然而,尽管《圣经》文学价值极其丰富,但其宗教色彩也极其浓厚。笔者结合自己多年面对本科生高年级开设的《圣经故事》课程的教学实践和基于对《圣经》的一定研究,从学术角度、政治角度、英语语言学习角度和文学研习角度,提出了对开设《圣经》有关课程的初步看法及其反思。     

理雅各文化身份研究——以《论语》英译为例

理雅各的《论语》英译本出版于殖民时期的香港。通过考察其英译《论语》的缘起以及相关术语如"天""仁""德"和"贤"的翻译,揭示了理雅各作为英译者的真实文化身份——传教士。     

经验与实验:近代英国对坏血病的认知和防治

坏血病是近代航海活动最为凶猛的敌人之一,曾夺去无数海员的生命。作为欧洲主要海洋国家之一,英国的海事力量也被坏血病大大折损,而不完善的军事体系和被削减的经费投入难辞其咎,使得坏血病可被部分理解为是一种"制度性"疾病。在技术上,尽管经历了一些歧路,以詹姆斯·林德为代表的18世纪英国医学界仍然在历史经验的基础上,通过实验的方式,最终确定了以食用柑橘属水果及果汁为防治坏血病的主要手段。虽然未能进一步揭示维生素C这一对抗坏血病的关键因子及其性质,但林德等人的努力和成就依然值得铭记。     

Statistical mechanics and thermodynamics: A Maxwellian view

One finds, in Maxwell's writings on thermodynamics and statistical physics, a conception of the nature of these subjects that differs in interesting ways from the way they are usually conceived. In particular, though—in agreement with the currently accepted view—Maxwell maintains that the second law of thermodynamics, as originally conceived, cannot be strictly true, the replacement he proposes is different from the version accepted by most physicists today. The modification of the second law accepted by most physicists is a probabilistic one: although statistical fluctuations will result in occasional spontaneous differences in temperature or pressure, there is no way to predictably and reliably harness these to produce large violations of the original version of the second law. Maxwell advocates a version of the second law that is strictly weaker; the validity of even this probabilistic version is of limited scope, limited to situations in which we are dealing with large numbers of molecules en masse and have no ability to manipulate individual molecules. Connected with this is his conception of the thermodynamic concepts of heat, work, and entropy; on the Maxwellian view, these are concept that must be relativized to the means we have available for gathering information about and manipulating physical systems. The Maxwellian view is one that deserves serious consideration in discussions of the foundation of statistical mechanics. It has relevance for the project of recovering thermodynamics from statistical mechanics because, in such a project, it matters which version of the second law we are trying to recover.     

The Characterization in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and James Joyce＇ s Aesthetics

In his novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, James Joyce minimized the position of minor characters in order to present the central posifon of the hero. This kind of characterization is closely related with Joy＇s aesthetics, that is Joyce＇s principle of ＂wholeness＂. In this paper, the close relationship between the characterization and Joyce＇s ＂wholeness＂ aesthetics will be discussed to prove that Joyce em- ployed his aesthetics in his art creation.     

浅谈《钦定圣经》语言的特点

1611年的詹姆世国王《钦定圣经》以其丰富的语言特色成为《圣经》英译史上的顶点。它保留了原本大众化的语言特点,风格简洁清新、深刻有力,语言庄重经典,生动热情,节奏鲜明,旋律如诗歌般优美且结构严谨,内涵丰富,极具说服力。     

美国生物学家尼登博士在华讲学活动

1927年9月-1928年6月,美国生物学家尼登博士来华讲学,促进了中国生物学的发展.依据文献,梳理了尼登在华讲学活动,并初步分析了所产生的影响.