带挠性梁的充液飞行器边界控制

考虑在惯性空间中全充液挠性飞行器的控制模型,轻挠性梁一端固于刚体,另一端自由。系统动力学方程由主刚体欧拉方程、液体的平均化Ｈｅｌｍｈｏｌｔｚ方程和梁的欧拉方程耦合而成。研究表明,借用适当的作用于梁自由端的边界控制,作用于主刚体的控制力矩及作用于液体“等效刚体”的阻尼力矩,能使整个系统稳定。     

任意截面波导本征值问题的边界元分析

本文讨论了任意截面波导本征值的边界元分析方法，编制了一个通用的计算机程序。对几种不同截面形状波导的本征值进行了计算，结果与已有文献一致。     

Ising格子的分子热力学模型

从统计力学出发，结合Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ分子模拟的结果，导出了Ｉｓｉｎｇ格子的混合亥氏函数模型。该模型能非常满意地预测Ｉｓｉｎｇ格子的液液共存线，其结果明显优于Ｆｌｏｒｙ－Ｈｕｇｇｉｎｓ理论，也优于Ｆｒｅｅｄ理论。     

模的系数环的约化

在此讨论一个模的系数环约化为环的一个理想以及约化为环中单个元的问题，并给出一个模的系数环约化为环的一个理想以及约化为环中任意一个非零元的充分条件．     

Helmholtz's Kant revisited (Once more). The all-pervasive nature of Helmholtz's struggle with Kant's Anschauung

In this analysis, the classical problem of Hermann von Helmholtz's (1821–1894) Kantianism is explored from a particular vantage point, that to my knowledge, has not received the attention it deserves notwithstanding its possible key role in disentangling Helmholtz's relation to Kant's critical project. More particularly, we will focus on Helmholtz's critical engagement with Kant's concept of intuition [Anschauung] and (the related issue of) his dissatisfaction with Kant's doctrinal dualism. In doing so, it soon becomes clear that both (i) crucially mediated Helmholtz's idiosyncratic appropriation and criticism of (certain aspects of) Kant's critical project, and (ii) can be considered as a common denominator in a variety of issues that are usually addressed separately under the general header of (the problem of) Helmholtz's Kantianism. The perspective offered in this analysis can not only shed interesting new light on some interpretive issues that have become commonplace in discussions on Helmholtz's Kantianism, but also offers a particular way of connecting seemingly unrelated dimensions of Helmholtz's engagement with Kant's critical project (e.g. Helmholtz's views on causality and space). Furthermore, it amounts to the rather surprising conclusion that Helmholtz's most drastic revision of Kant's project pertains to his assumption of free will as a formal condition of experience and knowledge.     

Theoretical construction in physics – The role of Leibniz for Weyl's ‘Philosophie der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaft’

This paper aims at closing a gap in recent Weyl research by investigating the role played by Leibniz for the development and consolidation of Weyl's notion of theoretical (symbolic) construction. For Weyl, just as for Leibniz, mathematics was not simply an accompanying tool when doing physics—for him it meant the ability to engage in well-guided speculations about a general framework of reality and experience. The paper first introduces some of the background of Weyl's notion of theoretical construction and then discusses particular Leibnizian inheritances in Weyl's ‘Philosophie der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaft’, such as the general appreciation of the principles of sufficient reason and of continuity. Afterwards the paper focuses on three themes: first, Leibniz's primary quality phenomenalism, which according to Weyl marked the decisive step in realizing that physical qualities are never apprehended directly; second, the conceptual relation between continuity and freedom; and third, Leibniz's notion of ‘expression’, which allows for a certain type of (surrogative) reasoning by structural analogy and which gave rise to Weyl's optimism regarding the scope of theoretical construction.     

Signs, toy models, and the a priori: from Helmholtz to Wittgenstein

The Marburg neo-Kantians argue that Hermann von Helmholtz’s empiricist account of the a priori does not account for certain knowledge, since it is based on a psychological phenomenon, trust in the regularities of nature. They argue that Helmholtz’s account raises the ‘problem of validity’ (Gültigkeitsproblem): how to establish a warranted claim that observed regularities are based on actual relations. I reconstruct Heinrich Hertz’s and Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Bild theoretic answer to the problem of validity: that scientists and philosophers can depict the necessary a priori constraints on states of affairs in a given system, and can establish whether these relations are actual relations in nature. The analysis of necessity within a system is a lasting contribution of the Bild theory. However, Hertz and Wittgenstein argue that the logical and mathematical sentences of a Bild are rules, tools for constructing relations, and the rules themselves are meaningless outside the theory. Carnap revises the argument for validity by attempting to give semantic rules for translation between frameworks. Russell and Quine object that pragmatics better accounts for the role of a priori reasoning in translating between frameworks. The conclusion of the tale, then, is a partial vindication of Helmholtz’s original account.     

套代数中元素的逆

自从J.R.Ringrose引进套代数以来,它已成为非自伴算子代数研究的一个重要方向,特别是它和系统理论有着密切联系,受到人们普遍注意,关于套代数中元素逆的问题是套代数研究的重要问题之一,本文给出这个问题一种描述,对可数的简单套给出元素逆问题的确切回答,并讨论了可数简单套的其它性质。     

The development of the Neurath principle: unearthing the Romantic link

Otto Neurath’s thoroughgoing anti-foundationalism is connected to the recognition that protocol sentences are not inviolable, that is they are fallible and their choice cannot be determined: ‘Poincaré, Duhem and others have adequately shown that even if we have agreed on the protocol statements, there is a not limited number of equally applicable, possible systems of hypotheses. We have extended this tenet of the uncertainty of systems of hypotheses to all statements, including protocol statements that are alterable in principle’ (Neurath, 1983, p. 105). Later historiography has called Neurath’s extension of Duhemian holism the Neurath principle. Based on a study of Neurath’s early works on the history of optics, the paper investigates a previously unnoticed influence on the development of this principle, Neurath’s reading of Goethe’s Theory of colours. The historical and polemical parts of Goethe’s tripartite book provided Neurath with ideal examples for the vertical extension of Duhem’s thesis to observation statements. Moreover, Goethe’s critique of the language of science and his views on the theory-ladenness of observation, as well as on the history of science show strong parallels to many of Neurath’s ideas. These demonstrate the existence of surprisingly direct textual links between Romantic views on science and the development of twentieth-century philosophy of science. Neurath’s usage of Goethe’s examples also indicates that the birth of the Neurath principle is more tightly connected to actual scientific practice than to theory-testing, and that by admitting the theory-ladenness of observation reports and fallibility of protocol statements Neurath does not throw empiricism overboard.     

伸缩虚边界元法解含任意形状空穴外场声辐射

以位势理论为基础，提出了求解含任意形状空穴外场声辐射的伸缩虚拟边界元法。该方法的核心是通过伸缩虚拟边界使相应内问题的特征频率（本征值）避开与外问题给定波数相重合，从而保证了解的唯一性。以二维情况为例，通过诸多不同空穴形状在谐激励作用下的声辐射算例，从计算精度、稳定性以及克服解的非唯一性等方面，对该方法进行了检验。计算结果表明：无论是远场或近场的辐射声压，该方法都具有非常高的效率和精度。