新经济形势下汇率波动会我国出口的影响——基于面板数据的实证检验

我国在2005年汇率改革后,进一步放开了汇率波动幅度.2007年爆发的全球金融危机更是加剧了汇率震荡.选取2001年-2008年间中国与12个主要贸易出口国或地区的面板数据,分为两个对称时段,运用经典引力模型实证检验了新经济形势下汇率波动对于出口的影响.研究发现,在2001年到2004年时段,汇率波动对出口的影响并不显著,但从2005年到2008年的新经济状况下,汇率波动的增加明显抑制了出口.因此,建议在金融危机新背景下,政府应加强汇率管制以求稳定,增强本国出口商的信心,暂时不宜进一步放开汇率.     

Waiting for Landauer

Landauer's Principle asserts that there is an unavoidable cost in thermodynamic entropy creation when data is erased. It is usually derived from incorrect assumptions, most notably, that erasure must compress the phase space of a memory device or that thermodynamic entropy arises from the probabilistic uncertainty of random data. Recent work seeks to prove Landauer's Principle without using these assumptions. I show that the processes assumed in the proof, and in the thermodynamics of computation more generally, can be combined to produce devices that both violate the second law and erase data without entropy cost, indicating an inconsistency in the theoretical system. Worse, the standard repertoire of processes selectively neglects thermal fluctuations. Concrete proposals for how we might measure dissipationlessly and expand single molecule gases reversibly are shown to be fatally disrupted by fluctuations. Reversible, isothermal processes on molecular scales are shown to be disrupted by fluctuations that can only be overcome by introducing entropy creating, dissipative processes.     

Local Fluctuations and Local Observers in Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics

The distribution function associated with a classical gas at equilibrium is considered. We prove that apart from a factorisable multiplier, the distribution function is fully determined by the correlations among local momenta fluctuations. Using this result we discuss the conditions which enable idealised local observers, who are immersed in the gas and form a part of it, to determine the distribution ‘from within’. This analysis sheds light on two views on thermodynamic equilibrium, the ‘ergodic’ and the ‘thermodynamic limit’ schools, and the relations between them. It also provides an outline for a new definition of equilibrium that is weaker than full ergodicity. Finally, we briefly discuss the possibility that the distribution can be determined by external observers.     

燃煤工业锅炉湿式脱硫除尘器废水水质波动分析

燃煤工业锅炉湿式脱硫除尘器废水水质及其变化对处理方法确定具有重要意义。烟气性质、工作液（水）性质和除尘器本身性质是影响废水水质的三个基本途径。燃煤煤质、锅炉的燃烧方式与炉型、锅炉的负荷、锅炉的构造和操作管理、除尘器的类型与性能、工作液供给方式与性质是影响废水水质的主要因素。