叶巢外睾吸虫精巢发育中染色体行为

报告了叶巢外睾吸虫性细胞发育的染色体行为，初级精母细胞经两次减数分裂发育为精子．第一次减数分裂的前期发育时间长而复杂，经历细线期至终变期等五期，各期形态均有描述．单倍体染色体为８条，核型特征是５Ｍ＋２ＳＴ＋１Ｔ．第二次减数分裂由次级精母细胞分裂产生３２个梭形精细胞，继而发育为３２条精子．     

Heterochromatin characterization and distribution in the chromosomes of two populations ofIdotea baltica basteri Audouin, 1826 (Isopoda,Valvifera)

Two mediterranean populations ofIdotea baltica basteri from Messina and Naples showed a set of chromosomes composed by 58 all-biarmed chromosomes. The heterochromatin was located in the pericentromeric region of the chromosomes, and its composition appeared heterogeneous. In fact, not all the homologs showed heterochromatin resistant to digestion with three restriction enzymes (Alu I, Hae III and Sau 3A). Moreover, the two populations showed polymorphism in a band of G+C-rich telomeric heterochromatin, which was present only in the population from Messina. It is hypothesized that chromosomal polymorphism might reflect the geographical isolation of the two populations. It is also suggested that a process of diversification is taking place.     

禾本科同源染色体对趋同进化的比较基因组学

多个禾本科物种全基因组测序的相继完成为禾本科植物基因组物理和遗传结构进化历史的研究提供了前所未有的良好机遇。以五个禾本科物种为研究对象,利用基因同源共线性方法对其基因组进行了比对分析,获得了物种的同源信息,并根据同源信息结合基因组同源结构分析,确定了物种基因组内和基因组间的同源染色体片段。比较分析同源染色体对上重复DNA片段之间的分子距离,初步揭示了禾本科植物同源染色体对间趋同进化规律,研究结果有助于理解染色体结构受非正常遗传重组影响的进化机制。     

阿拉拉特小麦染色体的C-带和N-带分析

应用Ｃ－分带和喧技术对阿拉拉特小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｒｍ ａｒａｒａｔｉｃｕｍ Ｊａｋｕｂｚ,２ｎ＝２８,Ａ＾ｂＡ＾ｂＧＧ）的根尖细胞进行染色体构成分析,结果分析,结果表明：（１）Ｃ－分带和Ｎ－分带方法均可以使阿拉拉特不麦染色体显示稳定带型;（２）根据带型可以明确区分阿拉拉特不麦各条染色体;（３）阿拉拉特小麦Ａ、Ｇ组染色体带型与普通小麦Ａ、Ｂ组染色体带型差异明显,利用分带方法可以区分阿拉拉特小麦与普通     

A short-term culture method for chromosome preparation from somatic tissues of adult mussel (Mytilus edulis)

In order to improve the efficiency of mussel chromosome preparation, a tissue culture procedure has been developed. Mantle and foot explants were grown in tubes in media composed of Eagle's Basal Medium supplemented either with salts or seawater, enriched with egg yolk, adjusted to pH 7.50, and containing penicillin and streptomycin. After 4 days of incubation at 18°C, antibiotics were renewed and after 6–7 days, cultures were ready for harvesting and preparation of microscopical slides. The cultures were a source of actively dividing cells and consistent metaphase spreads were obtained. Evidence from BrdU incorporation suggested that cells could undergo several rounds of replication. The chromsome spreads were good enough for karyotyping and to successfully silver stain the nucleolar organizer regions.     

The production of chromosome structural changes by radiation

Summary This paper attempts an update and comment upon some of the topics of chromosome aberration formation which Lea raised in Chapter VI of his classic work Actions of Radiations on Living Cells²⁴. Only the first nine sections of this chapter are covered, which deal primarily with the qualitative aspects of aberrations, their formation, classification and interrelationships. In commenting upon these topics, pertinent references are made to work with mammalian and human cells.Increased knowledge of the importance of DNA as a fundamental target and the integral part it plays in the complex structure of the chromosome, coupled with cellular techniques not available to these earlier workers necessitate some revision and modification of early ideas. However, inspite of the enormous accumulation of data and ideas since the original work was published in 1946, the foundation that these early workers laid is still very solid. Surprisingly, we are still puzzled by many of the problems that perplexed them.     

3种豹蛛染色体的观察

本文报道了3种蜘蛛的雄性染色体研究结果。它们的二倍体数目均为2n=28,单倍体的染色体数目是n=13和n=15,据此,作者认为:拟环纹豹蛛等3种豹蛛的性别决定机制是X_1X_2O型;除此外,还对这3种蜘蛛的染色体,在减数分裂过程中的行为变化作了一些观察。     

New contribution to the study of chromosomes of the European Cryptocephalinae (Coleoptera,Chrysomelidae)

Summary The chromosomes of three species ofPachybrachis and nine ofCryptocephalus chrysomelids were analyzed. The male meiotic bivalent formula ofP. azureus Suffr.,P. catalonicus Burl. andP. petitpierrei Daccordi is 7^II+Xy_r.Cryptocephalus sexmaculatus Ol. andC. vittula Suffr. have 13^II+Xy_p,C. bipunctatus L. 14^II+Xy_r,C. ochroleucus Steph. andC. ocellatus Drap. 14^II+Xy_p,C. crassus 01. 15^II+Xy_r,C. sulphureus 01. 15^II+Xy_p, the same number as inC. fulvus Goeze with 2n=32 chromosomes, whileC. primarius Har. has 19^II+Xy_p. The modal chromosome number inCryptocephalus is 2n=30 (about 60% of spp.), and most species are characterized their small chromosomes. The low variation found in the karyotypes of Cryptocephalinae along with their possible interrelationships with allied chrysomelid subfamilies are also discussed.     

染色体的空间分布

本文主要就细胞分裂周期中的同一个染色体组内染色体的空间分布,二倍体或导源多倍体中同源染色体组间的空间分布,同源多倍体中同源染色体组间的空间分布,异源多倍体中部分同源染色体组间的空间分布以及这些分布的机制进行述评,并对研究这个问题的方法和意义进行讨论。     

香雪兰染色体的Giemsa C显带研究

利用醋酸洋红 Giemsa—C 显带技术对香雪兰根尖细胞的染色体进行了显带研究。经过处理的染色体在前期和中期呈现各种较典型的 C 带带型,如端带、着丝点带和中间带,而且非同源染色体之间的带型差异较大。第五对同源染色体具有一对特大的端带,这对端带在间期呈现大型的染色中心。在同源染色体之间未发现带型的多态性现象,所以,利用香雪兰的 C 带带型特征,完全可以鉴定该基卧组中的同源染色体对。文章还讨论了有关间期核的染色中心数与分裂期染色体带的数目之间的关系等问题。