Stress corrosion cracking and its anisotropy of a PZT ferroelectric ceramics

It is known that some types of ceramics, like Al2O3 and ZrO2, undergo stress corrosion cracking (SCC) or static fatigue fracture under static loading, ever in a rela-tively mild environment, such as moist atmosphere or water at room temperature, which leads to a time-dependent fracture[1—4]. For a transmission electron microscopy specimen of YBa2Cu3O7-x ceramics superconductor, SCC induced by residual stress can occur in an atmosphere with low moisture content[5]. For a lead zirconate ti…     

Coral reef ecosystems in the South China Sea as a source of atmospheric CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> in summer

Field measurements of air-sea CO2 exchange in three coral reef areas of the South China Sea (i.e. the Yongshu Reef atoll of the Nansha Islands, southern South China Sea (SCS); Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands, north-central SCS; and Luhuitou Fringing Reef in Sanya of Hainan Island, northern SCS) during the summers of 2008 and 2009 revealed that both air and surface seawater partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) showed regular diurnal cycles. Minimum values occurred in the evening and maximum values in the morning. Air pCO2 in each of the three study areas showed small diurnal variations, while large diurnal variations were ob-served in seawater pCO2. The diurnal variation amplitude of seawater pCO2 was ~70 μmol mol–1 at the Yongshu Reef lagoon, 420–619 μmol mol–1 on the Yongxing Island reef flat, and 264–579 μmol mol–1 on the reef flat of the Luhuitou Fringing Reef, and 324–492 μmol mol–1 in an adjacent area just outside of this fringing reef. With respect to spatial relations, there were large differences in air-sea CO2 flux across the South China Sea (e.g. ~0.4 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongshu Reef, ~4.7 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongxing Island, and ~9.8 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Luhuitou Fringing Reef). However, these positive values suggest that coral reef ecosystems of the SCS may be a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Additional analyses indicated that diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO2 in the shallow water reef flat are controlled mainly by biological metabolic processes, while those of deeper water lagoons and outer reef areas are regulated by both biological metabolism and hydrodynamic factors. Unlike the open ocean, inorganic metabolism plays a significant role in influencing seawater pCO2 variations in coral reef ecosystems.     

非线性反问题求解的参数微分正则化方法

讨论了非线性反问题的求解问题,将具有大范围收敛特性的同伦方法引入到非线性反问题的求解之中,籍此克服非线性反问题常规求解过程中局部收敛的缺陷;结合吉洪诺夫正则化方法,以解决计算Frechet导数时病态的问题.在此基础上,提出了一种用于求解非线性反问题的参数微分正则化方法,给出其构造过程,并且证明了参数微分正则化方法解的存在性和收敛性.     

微机化流动时库仑分析仪及其应用

流动时库仑分析法克服了电容电流及电极表面性质改变等噪声干扰。10 s内完成一次测定点。在“海水中溶解氧测定仪”的基础上,改为通用型仪器,使之微机化,进行数理统计处理,仪器的可靠性、再现性及灵敏度得到进一步提高,可测0.01 mg/l浓度,相应偏差±0.5～1.0％,进行了水中 Cr~(6+)、Cu~(2+)、O_2、Br~- 等测定,获得良好效果。     

茶叶籽油超临界CO_2提取工艺试验

以茶叶籽为原料,采用超临界CO2提取工艺提取茶叶籽油,研究了提取压力、温度、时间对茶叶籽油提取率的影响。结果表明:超临界CO2提取工艺提取茶叶籽油的最佳工艺条件为提取压力30 MPa,提取温度55℃,提取时间2 h。     

资源一号02C卫星PMS数据处理方法研究

本文介绍了资源一号02C卫星的基本情况,并对其接收的PMS数据的基本参数及质量情况进行了评价。同时,重点对PMS数据的纠正、配准、融合等几个处理步骤进行了试验研究,总结出一种利用资源一号02C卫星PMS数据进行遥感影像制作的方法。     

CBERS-02数据在喀斯特石漠化遥感调查中的应用—以贵州黔南布依族自治州为例

以“3s”技术为技术背景,以中巴地球资源卫星CBERS-02为遥感数据源,对贵州省黔南布依族自治州喀斯特石漠化进行遥感解译,基于最佳指数波段选择法推算出喀斯特地区石漠化分类的最佳波段组合。实验表明,中巴资源卫星影像不但可以替代具有相似空间分辨率和光谱波段设计的国外遥感影像TM和SPOT,作为喀斯特石漠化监测的重要手段和主要的信息源,而且能够较好地满足大比例尺石漠化成图的需要,为制定喀斯特石漠化综合防治规划提供依据。     

基于CBERS-04遥感影像的朗玛村地区岩土分类

为了探索国产陆地探测卫星遥感影像的岩土识别性能,基于CBERS-04遥感影像光学特性分析,应用多种传感器遥感影像进行了青藏高原朗玛村地区的岩土分类研究。对比分析了CBERS-04与Landsat-8陆地成像仪(OLI)数据岩土分类及协同岩土分类的效果,并依据1∶250 000基础地质图和野外地质调查进行了验证分析。结果证实CBERS-04相对Landsat-8OLI的遥感影像岩性分类精度略低,但仍具有较高的分类精度,辅助人工地质解译基本满足中比例尺岩土分类和地质调查图编绘的需要。2种数据源的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率较为相似,且具有互补性,其协同分类可提高岩土分类的精度。     

基于知识的CBERS-02B卫星数据土地利用分类研究

选择龙口市黄水河流域下游为例,将GIS数据与遥感影像结合起来,从中发现知识,并将知识用于中巴地球资源卫星(CBERS-02B)遥感影像的土地利用分类信息提取,使土地利用信息自动提取的精度得到了明显提高,总体分类精度87.13%、Kappa指数值达到了0.851 1.研究表明,该方法将原有的 GIS 数据的先验性知识综合集成用于新的遥感图像的分类中,可以促进 GIS数据更新的自动化,提高土地利用调查的精度.