利用生物标志物追溯沉积古环境

以内蒙古海拉尔盆地侏罗系暗色泥岩、原油和鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩为研究对象，利用ＧＣ－ＭＳ检测其中的生物标志物，研究它们的生物地球化学意义，以追溯沉积古环境．在这些可能烃源岩中，植烷具明显优势；其次，还有大量的类胡萝卜烷和含硫化合物等，可推测出这两个盆地不同时代的烃源岩古时均处于还原环境，有利于有机质的保存与转化，是良好的生油沉积环境．还原环境的确认，为今后在盆地找油找气示明方向，并提供了理论依据．     

Long-chain branched/cyclic alkanes in recent sediment of Lake Fuxian and their environmental implications

Lake Fuxian is a large, deep, and oligotrophic freshwater lake. In recent sediment of this lake, a series of branched and cyclic alkanes, including branched alkanes with one or two quaternary carbon atoms （C2n compounds）, alkylcycloheptane, and alkylcyclohexane, were detected in high abundance. For each homolog of long-chain branched/ cyclic alkanes, molecules with only an odd or even carbon number were present in the sediment. The abundance vari- ation of each compound homolog corresponded to those of other compound homolog in the section, indicating the same origin of these compounds. The concentrations of long-chain branched/cyclic alkanes in the sediment profile exhibited variations similar to those of phytoplankton biomarkers, such as 3-methylJalkanes, short-chain odd carbon n-alkanes, hopene, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytol, sterols, and long-chain alkyl diols, but slightly different from those of long-chain odd carbon n-alkanes, which are ubiquitous biomarkers for higher plants. Therefore, the Can compounds and long-chain cyclic alkanes in the lake sediment were most likely produced by algae and bacteria in the water, primarily, by the heterotrophic bacteria in the moderately oxygenated waters, which flourishing might be the results of specific water environments in Lake Fuxian.     

羌塘盆地塞仁地区古油藏地球化学特征及意义

【研究目的】羌塘盆地是青藏高原北部的大型海相含油气盆地,研究区塞仁地区位于南羌塘坳陷,该区油气地球化学研究成果较少、研究程度较低。【研究方法】本文对古油藏含油层样品的族组成、及甾萜烷等地球化学特征进行总结,并结合多种生标参数得出结论。【研究结果】该地区古油藏整体处于低成熟-成熟阶段,C27甾烷较C29甾烷占优势,并且三环萜烷类化合物以C23三环萜烷为主峰,也表明母质来源以海相有机质为主,并有一定的陆源有机质贡献。油藏样品具有较低的姥植比(Pr/Ph<1),非藿烷中检测出一定丰度的伽马蜡烷以及较高的C35/C34升藿烷值特征,这些参数指示古油藏形成于沉积水体较深、还原性相对较强并具有一定盐度的沉积环境。【结论】该地区古油藏地球化学特征分析为油气成藏研究与油气富集规律认识奠定基础,确定了该地区古油藏的沉积环境和母质来源。古油藏母质来源以海相为主,沉积环境为较还原环境。     

中坝地区上三叠统生物标志物与古沉积环境的关系

本文讨论了川西北上三叠统地层的生物标志物与沉积时的物源、水体深度、盐度、氧化——还原环境的关系。故可以利用生物标志物重建该区古沉积环境。     

准噶尔盆地乌伦古地区石炭系油气源特征及潜力探讨

目前研究认为乌伦古坳陷油气主要来自石炭系烃源岩的贡献,根据原油产状、原油物性、轻烃指纹、生物标志化合物特征及天然气组分、同位素特征,将乌伦古坳陷原油划分为I、II两类,天然气划分为A、B两类,彼此之间存在显著的差异。通过油源对比,及两类油气饱和烃、生物标志化合物以及碳同位素特征,表明I类原油生物标志物与滴水泉组具有较强的相似性,主要来自下石炭统滴水泉组,II类原油主要来自上石炭统巴塔玛依内山组。气源分析结果表明,A类天然气产自于上石炭统巴塔玛依内山组烃源岩,B类天然气来自于下石炭统姜巴斯套组烃源岩。     

Sparse discriminant analysis for breast cancer biomarker identification and classification

Biomarker identification and cancer classification are two important procedures in microarray data analysis. We propose a novel unified method to carry out both tasks. We first preselect biomarker candidates by eliminating unrelated genes through the BSS/WSS ratio filter to reduce computational cost, and then use a sparse discriminant analysis method for simultaneous biomarker identification and cancer classification. Moreover, we give a mathematical justification about automatic biomarker identification. Experimental results show that the proposed method can identify key genes that have been verified in biochemical or biomedical research and classify the breast cancer type correctly.     

柴达木盆地三湖坳陷气钾1井烃源岩地球化学特征分析

对烃源岩的地球化学特性的研究有助于油气的勘测。柴达木盆地三湖坳陷有丰厚的天然气资源,沉积范围广,厚度较大其厚度整体约2 000~3 200 m。选取三湖地区达布逊湖东部气钾1井的烃源岩样品,通过分析生物标志化合物,研究烃源岩的地球化学特征。实验结果表明:饱和烃的中低碳数分子无明显偶奇碳数优势,反映出微生物的降解作用明显改变了常规生物标志物的分布特征;有机质母质,植烷含量丰富,其碳数值接近于主峰碳数值,呈现弱还原的沉积环境特征;气钾1井中天然气有机母质主要来源于以陆生高等植物为主要母源的湖相沉积环境;伽马蜡烷也出峰明显,说明其沉积的水环境主要为高盐特征;正构烷烃C_(31)/C_(29)的比值表明这一期间的气候条件为寒冷干燥。     

Investigation and identification of breath acetone as a potential biomarker for type 2 diabetes diagnosis

Acetone is regarded as a promising biomarker for the noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes.We collected breath acetone from 25 type 2 diabetics(T2D)and 44 healthy subjects using aluminum foil bags(3 L),and the samples were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.T2D patients had significantly higher acetone levels(mean=2.167 ppmv(1 ppmv=1 lL/L),standard error(SE)=0.231)than healthy volunteers(mean=0.488 ppmv,SE=0.025;P\0.0001).The receiver operating characteristics curve showed that the optimum diagnostic cutoff value for exhaled acetone was 0.891 ppmv(area under the curve 0.999,sensitivity 100%,and specificity 97.7%)in T2D patients relative to healthy subjects.Thus,breath acetone could be a useful marker for the high accuracy diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes.In addition,the ratios of the mean acetone concentration in ambient air relative to that in the total exhaled air and in the net exhaled air were 1:18 and 1:17,respectively.The post-breakfast acetone concentrations(mean=0.437 ppmv,SE=0.035)were slightly lower than the pre-breakfast levels(mean=0.553 ppmv,SE=0.047;P[0.05).Thus,the increased acetone concentrations in T2D patients are affected strongly by physiological factors related to the disease,rather than the ambient air and diet.     

A data-mining approach to biomarker identification from protein profiles using discrete stationary wavelet transform

Objective： To develop a new bioinformatic tool based on a data-mining approach for extraction of the most informative proteins that could be used to find the potential biomarkers for the detection of cancer. Methods： Two independent datasets from serum samples of 253 ovarian cancer and 167 breast cancer patients were used. The samples were examined by surfaceenhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （SELDI-TOF MS）. The datasets were used to extract the informative proteins using a data-mining method in the discrete stationary wavelet transform domain. As a dimensionality reduction procedure, the hard thresholding method was applied to reduce the number of wavelet coefficients. Also, a distance measure was used to select the most discriminative coefficients. To find the potential biomarkers using the selected wavelet coefficients, we applied the inverse discrete stationary wavelet transform combined with a two-sided t-test. Results： From the ovarian cancer dataset, a set of five proteins were detected as potential biomarkers that could be used to identify the cancer patients from the healthy cases with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 100%. Also, from the breast cancer dataset, a set of eight proteins were found as the potential biomarkers that could separate the healthy cases from the cancer patients with accuracy of 98.26%, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 95.6%. Conclusion： The results have shown that the new bioinformatic tool can be used in combination with the high-throughput proteomic data such as SELDI-TOF MS to find the potential biomarkers with high discriminative power.     

西藏措勤盆地它日错地区多尼组烃源岩生物标志物特征

运用质谱色谱技术,对采自西藏措勤盆地它日错地区多尼组烃源岩生物标志物的有机质生源构成、沉积环境和成熟度进行了分析。分析结果表明:西藏措勤盆地它日错地区多尼组烃源岩的碳数值分布在nC_(15)~nC_(33),以"前峰型"单峰为主。正构烷烃碳数相对较高,表明遭受了一定程度的微生物降解;样品中检测出了伽马蜡烷且Pr/Ph值约为0.80,反映了较咸水还原的沉积环境;三环萜烷/五环三萜值小于1,且规则甾烷以C_(27)略占优势,说明有机母质主要来源于水生低等藻类生物,部分有机质具有混合来源;成熟度参数OEP为0.99~1.61,平均1.16,Ts/(Tm+Ts)为0.47~0.67,C_(29)-β/(αα+ββ)值为0.32~0.54及C_(29)-20S/20(S+R)值为0.31~0.49,显示多尼组烃源岩有机质热演化程度已达到高成熟阶段。