A ground‐level ozone forecasting model for Santiago,Chile

A physically based model for ground‐level ozone forecasting is evaluated for Santiago, Chile. The model predicts the daily peak ozone concentration, with the daily rise of air temperature as input variable; weekends and rainy days appear as interventions. This model was used to analyse historical data, using the Linear Transfer Function/Finite Impulse Response (LTF/FIR) formalism; the Simultaneous Transfer Function (STF) method was used to analyse several monitoring stations together. Model evaluation showed a good forecasting performance across stations—for low and high ozone impacts—with power of detection (POD) values between 70 and 100%, Heidke's Skill Scores between 40% and 70% and low false alarm rates (FAR). The model consistently outperforms a pure persistence forecast. Model performance was not sensitive to different implementation options. The model performance degrades for two‐ and three‐days ahead forecast, but is still acceptable for the purpose of developing an environmental warning system at Santiago. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Time‐simultaneous prediction band for a time series

I propose principles and methods for the construction of a time‐simultaneous prediction band for a univariate time series. The methods are entirely based on a learning sample of time trajectories, and make no parametric assumption about its distribution. Hence, the methods are general and widely applicable. The expected coverage probability of a band can be estimated by a bootstrap procedure. The estimate is likely to be less than the nominal level. Expected lack of coverage can be compensated for by increasing the coverage in the learning sample. Applications to simulated and empirical data illustrate the methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Forecasting volatility by means of threshold models

The aim of this paper is to compare the forecasting performance of competing threshold models, in order to capture the asymmetric effect in the volatility. We focus on examining the relative out‐of‐sample forecasting ability of the SETAR‐Threshold GARCH (SETAR‐TGARCH) and the SETAR‐Threshold Stochastic Volatility (SETAR‐THSV) models compared to the GARCH model and Stochastic Volatility (SV) model. However, the main problem in evaluating the predictive ability of volatility models is that the ‘true’ underlying volatility process is not observable and thus a proxy must be defined for the unobservable volatility. For the class of nonlinear state space models (SETAR‐THSV and SV), a modified version of the SIR algorithm has been used to estimate the unknown parameters. The forecasting performance of competing models has been compared for two return time series: IBEX 35 and S&P 500. We explore whether the increase in the complexity of the model implies that its forecasting ability improves. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多维门限GARCH模型的平稳遍历性

给出了多维双门限自回归GARCH模型；该模型是一维双门限自回归GARCH模型在多维情况的一种推广，并且讨论了多维双门限自回归GARCH模型存在严平稳遍历性的充分必要条件。     

Unit roots versus other types of time heterogeneity,parameter time dependence and superexogeneity

This paper stresses the restrictive nature of the standard unit root/cointegration assumptions and examines a more general type of time heterogeneity, which might characterize a number of economic variables, and which results in parameter time dependence and misleading statistical inference. We show that in such cases ‘operational’ models cannot be obtained, and the estimation of time‐varying parameter models becomes necessary. For instance, economic processes subject to endemic change can only be adequately modelled in a state space form. This is a very important point, because unstable models will break down when used for forecasting purposes. We also discuss a new test for the null of cointegration developed by Quintos and Phillips (1993), which is based on parameter constancy in cointegrating regressions. Finally, we point out that, if it is possible to condition on a subset of superexogenous variables, parameter instability can be handled by estimating a restricted system. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The performance of non‐linear exchange rate models: a forecasting comparison

In recent years there has been a considerable development in modelling non‐linearities and asymmetries in economic and financial variables. The aim of the current paper is to compare the forecasting performance of different models for the returns of three of the most traded exchange rates in terms of the US dollar, namely the French franc (FF/$), the German mark (DM/$) and the Japanese yen (Y/$). The relative performance of non‐linear models of the SETAR, STAR and GARCH types is contrasted with their linear counterparts. The results show that if attention is restricted to mean square forecast errors, the performance of the models, when distinguishable, tends to favour the linear models. The forecast performance of the models is evaluated also conditional on the regime at the forecast origin and on density forecasts. This analysis produces more evidence of forecasting gains from non‐linear models. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国股票市场正反馈交易行为之实证

本文通过实证分析得出，上海股票市场中显著存在正反馈交易行为．并依靠Shiner、Sentana和Wadhwani提出的模型揭示了收益的自相关性、波动性与反馈交易行为之间的关系．     

Factor-GARCH模型研究与理论探讨

结合国外研究现状，对解决多维GARCH模型的方法——Factor-GARCH模型进行了系统的讨论．将投资组合的收益率Rt表述为潜在公共因子的函数形式，并对函数形式中的一些变量和假定给出了理论和现实的解释；将投资组合的协方差Ht的结构进一步细化，将其表述为可观测变量的线性函数．并指出了今后的研究方向。     

具有结构转换的GARCH模型及其在中国股市中的应用

引入具有结构转换(switching regime)的GARCH模型(简称SW—GARCH)，并利用上海股市收益进行实证研究，通过与GARCH模型下的结果相对比，表明SW—GARCH大大提高了对市场波动性的预测能力，为股价波动的变结构建模问题提出了一个新方法，从而解决GARCH及其他异方差模型的结构变化问题。     

Asymmetry of the Conditional Volatility of Chinese Stock Market

This paper mainly investigates the asymmetry of the conditional volatility of Chinese stock market by using the GARCH models. We collect the dally data of Shanghai composite index to analyze the volatility asymmetry. The empirical results show that there exists a distinct volatility asymmetry for return. In addition, we extend G JR model to the case with the information flow that is represented by the volume, and the results imply that the volume can＇t substitute the information flow to account for the conditional volatility asymmetry.