家兔膝关节软骨扫描电镜观察

半月板下面，股骨髁关节面中间带、胫骨髁上关节面及半月反上面中环带，结构相似。即呈现团粒和由团粒结成的絮网状结构。股骨髁关节面两侧带、胫骨髁上关节面及半月板上面外环带，软骨表面团粒消失，移行为波状曲嵴。髌、股关节面的中间带，均为由较大团粒构成的复层结构。两侧带呈现波状曲髌。     

Molecular basis for differences between human joints

The molecular program of a cell determines responses including induction or inhibition of genes for function and activity, and this is true of the cells within articular cartilage, a major functional component of the joint. While our studies have previously focussed on differences in the molecular programs of the cells within the superficial and deep zones, we have recently begun to focus on relative differences between joints, such as the knee and ankle. In the human, these joints vary greatly in their susceptibility to joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA). We have predicted that there would be a molecular basis for differences between joints that could lead to differences in susceptibility to OA, if inherent pathways locked into the resident cells induce differences in their response to their environment. We have been able to show that there are differences between the matrix components and water content; these properties correspond to a higher equilibrium modulus and dynamic stiffness but lower hydraulic permeability and serve to make the ankle cartilage stiffer, slowing movement of molecules through the cartilage. In addition to these biochemical differences in the cartilage matrix, we have also identified relative differences in the strength of the response to stimulation of chondrocytes from knee and ankle. The stronger response of the knee chondrocytes includes factors that increase damage to the cartilage matrix, such as a depression of matrix synthesis and increased enzyme activity. This response by the knee chondrocytes results in enzyme damage to the matrix that the cells may not be able to repair, while the weaker response of the ankle chondrocytes may allow the cells to repair their matrix damage.     

兔膝骨关节炎模型的建立及评价

目的 通过兔软骨缺损制备兔膝骨关节炎模型并进行评价。方法 将动物按体质量和性别随机分成3组：假手术组,模型组和阳性对照氨基葡萄糖组,每组12只。造模4周后开始灌胃给药,每天1次,连续给药4周。末次给药后,将动物处死,ELISA试剂盒检测血清及关节液中IL-1β和TNF-α水平,对关节软骨和滑膜进行HE染色,并对关节软骨进行Mankin’s评分以评价其损伤情况。结果 与假手术组相比,模型组血清、关节液中IL-1β、TNF-α水平明显升高,而给予氨基葡萄糖可降低血清、关节液中IL-1β、TNF-α水平。HE染色见模型组软骨结构改变、缺损,滑膜有炎细胞浸润;软骨评分明显高于假手术组。给予氨基葡萄糖可以减轻软骨缺损,减少滑膜炎细胞浸润,降低软骨评分。结论 关节软骨钻孔可建立兔膝骨关节炎模型,反映其主要特征,并能通过给予阳性对照药减轻损伤和炎症反应。该模型可用于治疗关节炎药物的评价和筛选。