核苷二苯基磷酸酯的合成及大鼠体内药物动力学

AZT的5'-二苯基系列磷酸酯衍生物在体外抗病毒实验中显示了良好的抗HIV病毒活性,具有开发为新型核苷类抗病毒药物的潜力.本文采用PCl3-锅法合成了系列核苷二苯基磷酸酯,并对其纯化后的化合物进行大鼠体内药物动力学规律评价.结果显示该系列衍生物的动力学表现和苯基上取代基的性质有直接联系,且均能改善对AZT的释放,有作为临床抗艾滋病治疗剂的可能.     

Primary source knowledge and technical decision-making: Mbeki and the AZT debate

Demands for public participation in technical decision-making are currently high on the agenda of Science & Technology Studies. It is assumed that the democratisation of technical decision-making processes generally leads to more socially desirable and acceptable outcomes. While this may be true in certain cases, this assumption cannot be generalised. I will discuss the case of the so-called ‘South African AZT debate’. The controversy started when President Thabo Mbeki, after reading some scientific papers on the toxicity of AZT, decided to bar the use of the drug in the public health sector as a means to reduce the transmission of HIV from mothers to children. While the scientific mainstream accepts the effectiveness of AZT in reducing the risk of vertical HIV transmission, a few maverick scientists reject the clinical evidence and argue that the risks of using AZT by far outweigh its benefits. Based on various textual sources and using the ‘Periodic Table of Expertises’ developed by Collins and Evans, Mbeki’s expertise at the time of his intervention into the technical question whether AZT is a medicine or a poison can be classified as primary source knowledge. It is shown that this type of expertise is insufficient for technical decision-making. Mbeki’s primary source knowledge legitimated his presentation of the claims of maverick scientists as a serious contribution to the debate—with tragic consequences for tens of thousands of babies.