不同放牧方式对半荒漠草原土壤理化性质的影响

本文以中蒙两国相邻地带小针茅半荒漠草原为研究对象，对游牧和定居放牧条件下土壤理化性质进行了研究，研究结果表明：蒙古国传统游牧区和内蒙古定居放牧区土壤含水量分别为10.06%、6.71%，两者存在显著差异（P＜0.05）；蒙古国游牧区砂粒含量明显少于定居放牧区，分别为56.27%和84.23%，两者存在显著差异（P＜0.05）；游牧区除土壤全钾外其它养分指标均高于定居区，而pH定居>游牧.     

灰色关联度法在蒙古高原北部草原土壤质量评价中的应用

在对蒙古高原北部草原生态环境进行调查的基础上,对草原土壤的理化性质和营养成分进行系统测试,选择有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、水解性氮、速效磷、速效钾和pH值作为评价指标,应用灰色关联度法对草原土壤质量进行综合评价.总体而言,蒙古高原北部草地属于三等(中)和四等(差)土壤,一等(优)和二等(良)及五等(劣)土壤相对较少或没有.     

Estimation of wind erosion rates by using 137Cs tracing technique: A case study in Tariat-Xilin Gol transect, Mongolian Plateau

Wind erosion is one of the major environmental problems in semi-arid and arid regions. Here we established the Tariat-Xilin Gol transect from northwest to southeast across the Mongolian Plateau, and selected seven sampling sites along the transect. We then estimated the soil wind erosion rates by using the 137Cs tracing technique and examined their spatial dynamics. Our results showed that the 137Cs inventories of sampling sites ranged from 265.63=44.91 to 1279.54=166.53 Bq. m-2, and the wind erosion rates varied from 64.58 to 419.63 t. km-2. a-~ accordingly. In the Mongolia section of the transect （from Tariat to Sainshand）, the wind erosion rate increased gradually with vegetation type and climatic regimes; the wind erosion process was controlled by physical factors such as annual precipitation and vegetation coverage, etc., and the impact of human activities was negligible. While in the China section of the transect （Inner Mongolia）, the wind erosion rates of Xilin Hot and Zhengxiangbai Banner were thrice as much as those of Bayannur of Mongolia, although these three sites were all dominated by typical steppe. Besides the physical factors, higher population density and livestock carrying level should be responsible for the higher wind erosion rates in these two regions of Inner Mongolia.     

Using 137Cs tracing technique to estimate wind erosion rates in the typical steppe region,northern Mongolian Plateau

Wind erosion is one of the major factors of land degradation in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. Using ^137Cs tracing technique, we estimated the wind erosion rates of different pastures and abandoned farmland at Bayannur and Karakorum in Mongolia. The pastures and cutting grassland at Bayannur were slightly eroded by wind, with the rates of 64.58-169.07 t·km^-2.a^-1. The abandoned farmland in Karakorum, however, was strongly eroded by wind, with annual surface soil loss of 4.05 mm. a^-1, and wind erosion rates up to 6723.06 t· km^-2. a^-1. The total loss of surface soil due to wind erosion has been 17.4 cm since the cultivation of the steppe land in the 1960s. The wind ero- sion rate at the abandoned farmland was much higher than that at the typical steppe sites, showing that the cultivation led to serious wind erosion in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. By contrast, traditional livestock grazing resulted in less disturbance to the surface soil, and did not induce to devastating wind erosion, which plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the steppe ecosystem in the northern Mongolian Plateau.     

匈奴人间接使古罗马灭亡

被汉军打败,逃到欧洲 匈奴人是最初在蒙古高原活动的一个游牧民族。殷商时期,他们被称为鬼方、犬戎等等。从春秋时起,匈奴人就不断南下骚扰。西汉武帝时期对匈奴进行了强有力的打击,使匈奴元气大伤。西汉晚期,匈奴发生分裂,呼韩邪单于率部归顺汉朝,与汉朝为敌的郅支单于也被汉朝消灭,汉匈关系从此走向和解。     

蒙古高原野豌豆属植物的分类研究

确认了蒙古高原野豌豆属植物有19种（包括3种栽培植物）,1变种;把V.sativa L.和V.angustifolia 合并,同意《Fl.Siber.Centr.》（vol.2,1979)中将V.amoena Fisch.ex DC.的2个变种,以及V.cracca L.的3个变种;确定了V.megalotropis Ledeb.在内蒙古有分布;而V.bungei Ohwi。在内蒙古没有分布;更正了《内蒙古植物志》（ed.secund.vol.3,1989)中一些种的不确切分布。     

蒙古高原野豌豆属植物区系生态地理分布研究

由于蒙古高原位于亚洲温带地区,广布的北温带和温带亚洲成分（5种,占31.25％）构成了该属的基本成分,在蒙古高原的北部汉入欧洲－后利业成分（4种）,在东部渗入了东亚区系成分（4种）,分别占25％,反遇了该属植物区系成分与西伯利亚和东亚森林区植物区系的紧密联系,亚洲中部成分（3种,占18.75％）,特别是达乌里－蒙古种（2种）为蒙古原物有种,这是该属植物在蒙古高原长期适应演化的结果,蒙古高原野豌豆属植物与东西伯利亚、东北和华北地区联系较为紧密。     

蒙古高原10种蜜源植物花粉形态描述

利用扫描电子显微镜对蒙古高原１０种蜜源植物的花粉进行了观察和摄片,并对花粉的形态特征进行了描述。     

蒙古高原植物的特圾属及其基本特征

首次系统地列出蒙古高原的１０个特有属－－沙芥属、连蕊芥属、绵刺属、四合木属、脓疮草属、芯芭属、百花蒿属、紊蒿属、革苞菊属、沙鞭属，这些属全部是单程度呈双种属，分类上属于孤立，进化的类群；生态上都是旱生植物，而且沙生植物占优势，绝大多数是荒漠种或半荒漠种，其生活型草本植物占绝对优势；地理分布上集中分布于蒙古高原 拉善鄂尔多斯地区东阿拉善西鄂尔多斯是其分布中心；起源上多数是东亚和古地中海植物区系的后     

关于匈奴人种问题的几点认识

“中国北方长城地带”青铜时代居民的人类学资料表明。匈奴人的人种构成具有突出的地域性，不同地区的匈奴人基本延续了较早时期的人种类型。“中国北方长城地带”东周时期南下的牧人在人种类型上属于“古蒙古高原类型”，来源上应与蒙古高原以及外贝加尔石板墓的居民有一定的渊源关系。到战国晚期以后，当长城以北强大的匈奴联盟形成的时候，这部分古代居民很有可能最终加入到了匈奴联盟当中。