育种目标性状间的同一关系分析方法研究

借助集对分析理论,提出了一种新的育种目标性状间的关系分析方法,阐明了其基本原理与分析步骤,并结合小麦育种实例,介绍了这种分析方法的具体应用。在此基础上,讨论了这种分析方法的优越性及尚待改进之处。表3,参9。     

大豆开花期缺水和遮光处理叶片解剖结构的观察

大豆珍珠塔3号具有双子叶植物叶片结构特征,但在海绵组织最上层有一层特殊细胞——平脉叶肉细胞,此层细胞具有水平运输和气体交换的特殊作用。大豆开花期光照对叶片结构发育起主导作用;水分亦是影响叶片结构发育的重要因素;光弱块水条件下,大豆表现出对光的竞争比对水的竞争更明显。     

Genetic and photoperiodic control of an avian reproductive cycle

European blackcaps,Sylvia atricapilla, with one breeding season per year, have a single-peaked annual testes cycle. However, African conspecifics from the Cape Verde Islands with two breeding seasons per annum demonstrate a two-peaked cycle. Both population-specific cycles reflect differences in the respective endogenous circannual rhythms. Experimental hybridization of birds of the two populations resulted in an intermediate pattern of testes cycle, thus demonstrating that there are genetic components for some temporal aspects in an avian reproductive cycle. Another characteristic of the African birds, their extremely rapid juvenile development and early sexual maturity (at an age of 5–6 months) proved largely to be a photoperiodic (short-day) effect in birds hatched in autumn. The same effect could also be induced in European conspecifics exposed to correspondingly short day-lengths.     

Using genetically-defined rodent strains for the identification of hippocampal traits relevant for two-way avoidance behavior: a non-invasive approach

Summary Genetically-defined rodent strains permit the identification of hippocampal traits which are of functional relevance for the performance of two-way avoidance behavior. This is exemplified here by analyzing the relationship between infrapyramidal mossy fibers (a tiny projection terminating upon the basal dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons) and two-way avoidance learning in about 800 animals. The necessary steps include 1) identification of structural traits sensitive to selective breeding for extremes in two-way avoidance, 2) testing the robustness of the associations found by studying individual and genetical correlations between hippocampal traits and behavior, 3) establishing causal relationships by Mendelian crossing of strains with extreme structural traits and studying the behavioral consequences of such structural randomization, 4) confirming causal relationships by manipulating the structural variable in inbred (isogenic) strains, thereby eliminating the possibility of genetic linkage, and 5) ruling out the possibility of spurious associations by studying the correlations between the hippocampal trait and other behaviors known to depend on hippocampal functioning.In comparison with the classical lesion approach for identifying relationships between brain and behavior, the present procedure appears to be superior in two aspects: it is non-invasive, and it focuses automatically on those brain traits which are used by natural selection to shape behaviorally-defined animal populations, i.e., it reveals the natural regulators of behavior.     

中国银杏种植业良种化进程的思路

阐述良种化的概念和意义;根据我国银杏生产发展的现状,提出中国银杏种植业现阶段良种化的进程是：加快产区良种选育和新发展区良种引种试验,加快良种苗木繁殖体系建设,用良种接穗改造低产劣种株,同时稳步发展良种苗种植;认为银杏在现阶段只宜采用科学的选择育种方式。     

灰胸竹鸡人工繁殖的研究

１９９５年１０月至１９９７年１０月对野生灰胸竹鸡（Ｂａｍｂｕｓｉｃｏｌａｔｈｏｒａｃｉｃａ）进行了人工繁殖的研究,结果为：产卵期４月下旬至７月下旬;卵的平均质量在（１５±２）ｇ之间;最佳孵化温度、相对湿度：１～１４ｄ内,温度为３８℃,相对湿度６５％～７０％;１５～１８ｄ内,温度降到３７℃,相对湿度７５％;雏鸟的生长模型为：ｍ＝２６２／（１＋ｅ２．６１－０．０３７ｔ）．     

细胞分裂素对大豆叶片衰老过程中蛋白激酶基因表达的影响

利用真核生物催化丝氨酸／苏氨酸残基磷酸化的蛋白激酶ＶＩ和Ⅷ保守区设计兼并引物,进行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增反应,研究大豆叶片衰老过程中蛋白激酶基因表达的变化及外源细胞分裂素处理的作用。结果表明人工合成的细胞分裂素－６ＢＡ预处理很可能在转录水平上正向调节一些蛋白激酶基因的表达,而诱导衰老处理则起负调控作用。     

低频超声波对大豆胰蛋白酶抑制素的处理效果

采用２０ｋＨｚ的低频超声波对大豆胰蛋白酶抑制素（ＳＴＩ）进行了处理。结果表明,超声波对经纯化了的鲍曼－贝尔克抑制素（ＢＢＩ）几乎不起钝化作用,对生豆奶中天然存在的ＳＴＩ的钝化效果要比对从大豆中提取纯化的ＳＴＩ好得多,说明纯化了的ＳＴＩ似对超声处理较稳定;豆奶中大分子蛋白组分１１Ｓ和７Ｓ的存在有助地ＳＴＩ的纯化;低频超声波对生豆奶中的ＢＢＩ似乎有轻微的激活作用;在生豆奶中添加半胱氨酸、亚硫酸钠的胃液     

白马鸡配对期两性行为的比较

2003年4月和2004年4月在四川省稻城县著杰寺采用瞬时扫描取样法对野生白马鸡(Crossoptilon crossoptilon)配偶行为进行了研究.结果表明,白马鸡配偶中雌、雄个体全天伴随活动,无特殊情况不会分离.在不受其他个体干扰的情况下,配偶移动时雌性多在前并控制移动方向.雌、雄鸟间距离平均为(1.75±0.03)m,在雄性驱逐其他个体时间距最大.在全天行为记录中,雄性警戒的时间最多,之后依次为取食、移动、驱逐、站立、休息和其他行为.雌性在一天中行为时间分配依次为取食、移动、休息、站立、警戒和其他行为.驱逐行为完全由雄性承担.两性共有行为中雄性用于警戒的时间显著高于雌性(P<0.05),用于取食、休息的时间显著低于雌性(P<0.05),用于移动和站立的时间与雌性差异不显著(P>0.05).