谈低温的获得及绝对零度不能达到原理

简述了不同制冷方法及绝本对零度不能达到的原理．     

条件不完全确定的发散思维型数学问题

“在条件A之下,会产生哪些、什么样的结果B”的问题,就是发散思维型的问题。若其中的条件A带有某种不确定成份,这就构成一种“条件不完全确定的发散思维型数学问题”。这种问题求解过程中的思维活动,有许多特点,对于培养学生的创造性思维有相当高的教育价值。本文以实例为基础对此做了讨论。     

关于最大功原理的应用条件

本文从热力学第二定律的基本原理出发,概要地总结了论证“最大功原理”的方法,进而讨论了热力学中的一些基本问题。其基本思想是:分析热力学问题切不可忘了环境。由此得出了某些有意义的结论,澄清了在学习热力学过程中人们常产生的一些疑惑。     

论工程热力学中的熵

熵是对热力学第二定律进行数学表达的参数。准确理解熵的定义式是学握熵概念的关键和认识熵是状态量的基础。运用熵是状态量的特性，在解题时能够寻求便捷的解题方法。     

The strong cooperativity of dioxygen binding by dicobalt (II) diporphyrin compounds in nonaqueous solution at room temperature

Thermodynamic data were determined for the reversible binding of O₂ to two compounds of dicobalt(II) di(meso-tetra-phenyl)porphyrin derivatives with different lengths of diamidoaliphatic bridge (abbreviated to Co₂PP₈ and Co₂PP₄) in N,N-dimethylformamide at room temperature. The partial pressure of dioxygen necessary for half-oxygenation (P _1/2) and hill coefficient (n) at 298 K were determined as follows:P _1/2=54.2 kPa,n=2.0 for Co₂PP₈ andP _1/2=6.8 kPa,n=1.8 for Co₂PP₄, respectively. The rate equations of reversible oxygen binding by Co₂PP₈ were determined and the reaction path was proposed. The results of ther-modynamic and kinetic studies indicate that there exists strong cooperative effect during oxygenation of the compounds. The ESR observation reveals that the dioxygen complexes formed in the solutions are of superoxo (Co-O ₂ ⁻ ) type. Supported by the Research Foundation of the State Education Commission of China Zhou Xiaohai: born in 1962, Ph.D. Associate professor     

高电压十二相可逆电路的环流

讨论了高电压十二相可逆电路的环流问题 ,给出了环流波形图 ,并简要说明了波形图的使用方法 .所得结论可为工程技术人员设计系统提供方便 .     

基于贝叶斯推理的决策树模型

针对决策树（DT）模型缺乏概率背景这一问题，将贝叶斯推理引入DT模型，提出了一种基于贝叶斯推理的决策树（BDT）模型．在假定所含待定参量的先验与似然的前提下，借助贝叶斯推理获得参量的后验，然后运用逆跳马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛算法对后验抽样，最终求出样本属于某一类别的置信度，从而避免了武断判决．BDT模型以抽样代替拆分与剪枝操作，既直观又灵活，同时在抽样时考虑了不同的树结构与递归分割方案，使得分类准确率得以提高．仿真实验结果表明，BDT模型的平均分类准确率与DT模型相比提高了1．7％～3．5％．     

论玄言赋“有意无意之间”的叙写方式

魏晋玄言赋或重具体事物的描摹以点出玄理,或以生活指向来展开玄理阐发,具体事物与玄言玄理二者构成玄言赋的“有意无意之间”,这就是如何以文体的“有意”、文学形象的“有意”、探讨理论时进入审美状态的“有意”来把握玄学理论的“无意”;最后在文学作品中达到以玄学理论来把握现实生活的“有意”。     

徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪若干问题探析

现行刑法规定徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪之后,理论及实践中对该罪的主客观要件等基本问题的争议甚多,对该罪的罪名、罪状、法定型的修订建议更是歧见迭出.文章首先根据现行立法对该罪的基本构成的相关要件进行了全面阐述,探讨了该罪在立法领域的缺陷,建议将本罪罪名更改为"故意不移交刑事案件罪",在基本构成要件中取消"徇私舞弊"和"情节严重"的规定,在规定基本法定型的基础上,规定升格法定型并明确其构成条件,总体上提高本罪之法定型.     

Serine/threonine protein phosphatases in DNA damage response

DNA damage response (DDR) is among the most important of the mechanisms that maintain genome stability which, when destabilized, predisposes organs to cancer. Reversible phosphorylation mediated by protein kinases and protein phosphatases regulates most, if not all, cellular activities, including DDR. Protein kinase inhibitors have become the main focus of targeted therapy and anticancer drug development. However, our limited knowledge of protein phosphatase function is compromising our capacity to develop therapeutic agents against phosphatases. In this review, we summarize the roles of serine/threonine protein phosphatases involved in DDR and propose that in situ dephosphorylation of phosphoproteins by protein phosphatases, instead of proteasome-mediated degradation of phosphoproteins, is mainly employed by cells.