医用可降解Mg-3Zn-0.5Sr合金耐蚀性及细胞毒性

采用仿生法在Mg-3Zn-0.5Sr合金表面制备涂层,通过SEM,EDS和XRD分析表征涂层形貌和结构;采用电化学实验和浸泡腐蚀实验来研究涂层对合金降解速率的影响;采用生物毒性实验验证有无涂层Mg-3Zn-0.5Sr合金的毒性等级.实验结果表明:在Mg-3Zn-0.5Sr合金表面可以沉积致密的羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层,厚度约为30~40μm,HA涂层可以有效地降低Mg合金的降解速率;在体积分数为25%的有无涂层合金浸提液中培养细胞4d,细胞相对增值率均超过100%,有无涂层合金的细胞毒性均为0级.     

The cytotoxicity of eosinophil cationic protein/ribonuclease 3 on eukaryotic cell lines takes place through its aggregation on the cell membrane

Human eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)/ ribonuclease 3 (RNase 3) is a protein secreted from the secondary granules of activated eosinophils. Specific properties of ECP contribute to its cytotoxic activities associated with defense mechanisms. In this work the ECP cytotoxic activity on eukaryotic cell lines is analyzed. The ECP effects begin with its binding and aggregation to the cell surface, altering the cell membrane permeability and modifying the cell ionic equilibrium. No internalization of the protein is observed. These signals induce cell-specific morphological and biochemical changes such as chromatin condensation, reversion of membrane asymmetry, reactive oxygen species production and activation of caspase-3-like activity and, eventually, cell death. However, the ribonuclease activity component of ECP is not involved in this process as no RNA degradation is observed. In summary, the cytotoxic effect of ECP is attained through a mechanism different from that of other cytotoxic RNases and may be related with the ECP accumulation associated with the inflammatory processes, in which eosinophils are present. Received 26 October 2007; accepted 23 November 2007     

大花旋覆花中的新倍半萜内酯

从大花旋覆花（ＩｎｕｌａｂｒｉｔａｎｎｉｃａＬ．ｖａｒ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）中分离得到了３个新倍半萜内酯化合物，应用波谱技术和化学方法确定了其结构。其中二乙酰基大花旋覆花内酯（１，６—Ｏ，Ｏ—ｄｉａｃｅｔｙｌｂｒｉｔａｎｎｉｌａｃｔｏｎｅ）显示有细胞毒活性。同时，从该植物中还得到了蒲公英醇、蒲公英醇乙酸酯、胡萝卜甙、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸甘油酯。     

强电脉冲对抗癌药物毒性的提高作用

研究了强电脉冲作用下，抗癌药物环磷酰胺对HeLa细胞和胎儿脐带血细胞的毒性变化。实验发现，当强电脉冲（电压500V，电容10μF， 脉冲5个） 结合环磷酰胺处理HeLa细胞后，细胞凋亡比例和死亡比例都比环磷酰胺单独处理组要高；当强电脉冲（电压1000V，电容10μF，脉冲2个）结合环磷酰胺处理胎儿脐带血细胞，发现染色体畸变和微核比例比单独药物处理组高。说明强电脉冲能明显提高抗癌药物对细胞的毒性。     

Biocompatibility studies of silk fibroin-based artificial nerve grafts in vitro and in vivo

Silk fibroin(SF)has been used extensively in the biomedical field including tissue engineering for the generation of artificial bones,skins or ligaments.We have previously reported on good in vitro biocompatibility of SF fibers with peripheral nerve tissues and cells.In the present study,we developed a novel design of the SF-based artificial nerve graft(SF graft)which was composed of a SF-nerve guidance conduit(NGC)inserted with SF fibers.MTT assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of the SF-NGC extract fluid on the cultured L929 cells derived from an immortalized mouse fibroblast cell line.In addition,this SF graft was implanted into adult rats for bridging a 10-mm long sciatic nerve defect.The following-up experiments at initial stage(1-4 week)of nerve regeneration including routine blood tests and histochemical investigation were conducted to evaluate the in vivo biocompatibility of the SF graft with peripheral nerves.The results demonstrated that the SF-NGC graft was biocompatible with the surrounding tissues and cells due to its low inflammatory potential with a grade 0 under the U.S.Pharmacopeia guidelines and it was generally suitable to a certain degree for bridging peripheral nerve defects in virtue of supporting Schwann cell adherence,expansion and migration.Therefore the SF graft is a promising alternative to classical autografts for peripheral nerve repair.     

柄果海桐化学成分研究

 在细胞毒试验结果指导下,采用萃取、柱层析、重结晶等方法,同步对柄果海桐(Pittosporum podocarpum Gagnep)枝叶粗提物的有效部位进行化学成分分离纯化得9个单体,通过理化数据测定及波谱数据分析鉴定了结构,分别是kielcorin(1),2,3-二甲氧基(口山)酮(2,3-dimethoxyxanthone,2),槲皮素-3,7-二甲氧基(quercitrin-3,7 -dimethoxy,3),木犀草素(luteolin,4),羽扇豆醇(lupeol,5),蜡酸(cerotic acid,6),二十八酸(1-octacosanic acid,7),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,8),胡萝卜甙(daucosterol,9).化合物1~9均为首次从该植物中分离得到.细胞毒试验发现其石油醚、氯仿及乙酸乙酯提取物有细胞毒活性,其IC₅₀分别为6.5,3.5,5.0 μg/mL.     

In vitro biological effects of magnetic nanoparticles

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have great potential for a wide use in various biomedical applications due to their unusual properties. It is critical for many applications that the biological effects of nanoparticles are studied in depth. To date, many disparate results can be found in the literature regarding nanoparticle-biological factors interactions. This review highlights recent developments in this field with particular focuses on in vitro MNPs-cell interactions. The effect of MNPs properties on cellular uptake and cytotoxicity evaluation of MNPs were discussed. Some employed methods are also included. Moreover, nanoparticle-cell interactions are mediated by the presence of proteins absorbed from biological fluids on the nanoparticle. Many questions remain on the effect of nanoparticle surface (in addition to nanoparticle size) on protein adsorption. We review papers related to this point too.     

环境中有机磷酸酯阻燃剂（TDCP、TECP、TCPP）对人胚肾细胞（HEK293）的影响(英)

水环境中的微污染物有机磷酸酯如三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯(TCEP)、三(2-氯-异丙基)磷酸酯(TCPP)和三(1,3-二氯丙基)磷酸酯(TDCP)主要用作聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃剂。物理、化学和生物处理很难完全消除这些污染物。本研究的目的是研究阻燃剂在环境水平和较高浓度下对人细胞系的细胞毒性和细胞周期效应。结果表明,在浓度为0.001 mg/L和0.01mg/L时,只有TDCP具有轻微的细胞毒性,而当这三种化学物质浓度100 mg/L以上时对细胞毒性有显著的诱导作用。TCEP和TCPP的EC50分别为276.8 mg/L和58.4mg/L。三种药物均能抑制CDK 4的表达,TDCP能增加CDK 2和cyclin E的表达,而TCEP和TCPP在CDK 2和cyclin E的表达上表现出自差现象。TDCP和TCEP使细胞数量减少,细胞形态发生改变。可见三种化学物质对HEK 293细胞的杀伤作用可能是通过抑制CDK 4调节蛋白而产生的。     

PEG含量对水性可降解聚氨酯性能的影响简

本文采用“预聚-乳化法”合成了软段为聚（ε-己内酯）（PCL）和聚乙二醇（PEG）,硬段为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）和小分子扩链剂的无毒水性可降解聚氨酯（PCLPU）,通过红外光谱（FTIR）和差示扫描量热（DSC）曲线分析、偏光显微镜（PLM）观察以及相对分子质量、水接触角和降解失重测定,研究了PEG含量对聚氨酯微相分离程度、软段结晶性能和降解行为的影响。发现随着PEG含量的增加,PCLPU的微相分离程度增加,软段PCL的结晶受到阻碍。材料的亲水性和结晶性对PCLPU的降解影响明显,当PEG和PCL比例（PCLPU50）适当时,所获得的亲水性、酯基含量以及结晶程度均适中,这时材料的降解速率最快。细胞毒性测试表明PCLPU降解液质量浓度低于1 mg/mL时,细胞生长正常。此类水性无毒可降解聚氨酯将在生物工程领域具有广阔的应用前景。