Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/SiO2固体酸催化剂上乙酸与烯烃的酯化和叔戊烯与甲醇的醚化

以硅胶为载体,制备了负载型的Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40催化剂,将该催化剂用于乙酸与1-丁烯的酯化反应和叔戊烯与甲醇的醚化反应,考察了其活性组分负载量、载体硅胶性质和焙烧温度对催化剂性能的影响. 研究了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应压力、n(1-丁烯)/n(乙酸)、反应时间等反应条件对酯化反应中乙酸转化率的影响. 与其他类型催化剂的醚化活性进行了对比,并进行了Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/SiO2催化剂的醚化稳定性实验. 结果表明,以低钠硅胶为载体,在活性组分负载量为40%,焙烧温度为300～400 ℃时制备的Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/SiO2催化剂具有较高的催化活性. 随着负载量增大,催化剂孔径、孔容和比表面积减小,而催化活性先增加后减小. 在反应温度120 ℃、压力1.5 Mpa、n(1-丁烯)/n(乙酸)比3.0、催化剂用量4%、反应时间7 h的条件下进行酯化反应,乙酸的转化率为87.36%. 在反应温度80 ℃、压力1.0 Mpa、n(甲醇)/n(叔戊烯)比1.1、LHSV为1 h-1的条件下进行醚化反应,叔戊烯的转化率为68.57%. 制备的新型Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/SiO2催化剂对于乙酸与1-丁烯的直接酯化反应和叔戊烯与甲醇的醚化反应具有良好的活性与选择性,催化剂寿命长. 因此,Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/SiO2是一种理想的乙酸与烯烃直接酯化和叔戊烯与甲醇醚化反应的催化剂.     

低热固相法合成纳米(NH4)3PMo12O40·4H2O及其机理的研究

通过低热固相反应合成了纳米(NH4)3PMo12O40*4H2O,XRD、31P NMR研究发现,在此固相反应的4个步骤中(扩散,反应,成核,生长),反应的速率控制步骤是产物的成核.     

磷钨酸铈催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以自制的磷钨酸铈为催化剂,通过苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛,并探讨了其催化活性,研究了反应物料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间、催化剂重复使用性能等因素对反应的影响.实验结果表明:合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛较适宜的反应条件为:苯甲醛0.1 mol,n(苯甲醛)/n(乙二醇)=1.0/1.7,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.0%,甲苯为带水剂,反应时间2.0 h.上述条件下,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的产率可达79.5%.     

热形变条件对40Cr钢奥氏体组织的影响

利用Gleeble 1500热／力学模拟实验机，对40Cr钢进行了变形温度为760℃、950℃,变形速率为0．1-30S^-1，变形量为0．1-1的热压缩试验。探讨了热形变参数对钢热变形奥氏体晶粒特征的影响。为制定合理的热加工工艺，提高产品质量，提供了实践依据。     

年轻火山岩激光40Ar/39Ar定年中的n值与MSWD值

激光熔蚀⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar等时线法是第四纪年轻火山岩样品精细定年的新方法, 该方法处于逐步完善过程中。针对怎样判定获得的年龄结果是否可靠的问题, 通过对数据处理过程中所用参数的分析, 认为样品属性是决定年轻火山岩精细定年结果质量和可靠性的关键因素, 与样品测试数n值相关的加权均方差MSWD(mean square weighted deviation)是判断同一样品各测试点的数据是否符合正态分布, 能否用来客观地评价测试结果, 进而评估样品是否适合进行相关测试, 结果是否可靠的重要指标。其次, 属于同一真实年龄值样品的MSWD在99.7%置信区间的取值范围可通过计算加以确认, 并提出对于表面年龄和等时线年龄数据, 必须定量地考察相应的MSWD值, 判定在具有足够样品测试数(足够大的n值)的情况下, 是否符合概率统计的正态分布, 确定样品是否对应同一年龄真实值。在MSWD值达不到理想值1.0的情况下, 可以利用表面年龄概率密度曲线, 区分测试样品内部包含的非同源或非等时或封闭不好体系的数据, 再结合MSWD与n值关系, 适量地去除部分偏离正态分布的测试数据, 识别出可能归属多个年龄真实值的测试数据组, 并以此计算不同数据组的反等时线年龄, 获得年轻火山岩喷发的准确年龄。     

40HZ脑电信号检测理论在脑电混沌态分析中的应用

在脑电信号的混沌态分析中引入阵发性４０ＨＺ脑电信号检测理论，用以判断受试者是否合作，并决定可用于混沌状态分析的数据段，文中对阵发性４０ＨＺ脑电依赖从理论、检测方法的实现、实际应用等几个方面进行了讨论。     

Behavior of argon gas release from manganese oxide minerals as revealed by <Superscript>40</Superscript>Ar/<Superscript>39</Superscript>Ar laser incremental heating analysis

Manganese oxides in association with paleo- weathering may provide significant insights into the multiple factors affecting the formation and evolution of weathering profiles, such as temperature, precipitation, and biodiversity. Laser probe step-heating analysis of supergene hollandite and cryptomelane samples collected from central Queensland, Australia, yield well-defined plateaus andconsistent isochron ages, confirming the feasibility dating very-fined supergene manganese oxides by 40Ar/39Ar technique. Two distinct structural sites hostingAr isotopes can be identified in light of their degassing behaviors obtained byincremental heating analyses. The first site, releasing its gas fraction at thelaser power 0.2-0.4 W, yields primarily 40Aratm, 38Aratm, and 36Aratm (atmospheric Ar isotopes). The second sites yield predominantly 40Ar* (radiogenic 40Ar),39ArK, and 38ArK (nucleogenic components), at ～0.5-1.0 W. There is no significant Ar gas released at the laser power higher than 1.0 W, indicating the breakdown of the tunnel sites hosting the radiogenic and nucleogenic components. The excellent match between the degassing behaviors of 40Ar*, 39ArK, and 38ArK suggests that these isotopes occupy the same crystallographic sites and that 39ArK lossfrom the tunnel site by recoil during neutron irradiation and/or bake-out procedure preceding isotopic analysis does not occur. Present investigation supports that neither the overwhelming atmospheric 40Ar nor the very-fined nature of the supergene manganese oxides poses problems in extracting meaningful weathering geochronological information by analyzing supergene manganese oxides minerals.     

40Ar-39Ar ages of the Louzidian-Dachengzi ductile shear zone near Chifeng, Inner Mongolia and their tectonic significance

The Louzidian normal fault occurs as the eastern detachment fault of the Kalaqin metamorphic core complex. Field observations and microstructural analyses reveal that the Louzidian-Dachengzi ductile shear zone developed in its lower-plate was genetically related to sinistral strike-slips and extensional faulting. Two samples from this ductile shear zone yield ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar plateau ages of 133 Ma (Bi) and 126 Ma (Kp), which are concordant with their isochron ages. The plateau age of 133 Ma (Bi) records the formation age of the ductile shear zone. The inconsistent relationship between the earlier strike-slip ductile shear zone and the later normal fault makes the Kalaqin Quasi-metamorphic core complex distinctive from Cordilleran metamorphic core complex. These ages provide important geochronological data for putting constraints on the formation age and genesis of such ductile shear zones.