超声辐照降解MC-RR动力学的影响因素

利用超声辐照技术降解水中微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR),考察MC-RR初始质量浓度、超声频率、初始pH值、声能密度以及水中几种典型阴离子对降解效果的影响并探讨其动力学机理。HPLC检测结果表明:超声辐照能有效降解MC-RR且与初始质量浓度无关;超声频率改变水中空化泡分布和特性,影响反应速率;pH值改变MC-RR存在形态和亲疏水性,pH从1.90到12.21变化时,降解速率常数k由0.400min-1降至0.082min-1;CO32-能阻碍MC-RR的降解,但NO3-,SO42-和Cl-对其无影响,其反应速率常数由大到小为:CO32-,NO3-,Cl-,SO24-;声能密度的提高对去除有利;反应符合准一级动力学。     

水华蓝藻中微囊藻毒素的提取及其光催化降解

微囊藻毒素(MCs)广泛产生于水华蓝藻中.本研究从太湖水华蓝藻中提取出MCs,发现主要成分为MC-RR.经多级分离和半制备色谱提纯制备得到MC-RR纯品.用水热法合成了钨酸铋(Bi2WO6)催化剂,并对其进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积(SBET)、等电点pH(pHZPC)等表征.利用不同pH条件下制备的Bi2WO6,在近紫外光照射下对MC-RR进行光催化降解,发现在酸性条件下制备的Bi2WO6有较强的降解效果.同时发现,Bi2WO6对MC-RR的降解以空穴直接氧化为主.     

The permeability effect of microcystin-RR on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus subtilis</Emphasis>

Microcystins are a kind of cyclic hepatoxins produced by many species of cyanobacteria. Most previous work have been done on the toxic effects of microcystins on animals and plants. However, the reports about the effect of microcystins on microbial cells are very limited. In this work, the permeability of MC-RR on the cell outer membrane of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) was discussed. The permeability effect of MC-RR on the cell outer membrane of E. coli and B. subtilis under different concentrations was demonstrated by a rapid and sustained reduction in the A₆₇₅ values of lysozyme-treated cells. The decrease of the absorbance values showed a time- and dose-effect. The extravasations of protein and carbonhydrate increased with the increment of the treated-concentration of MC-RR. The results showed that MC-RR could increase the permeability of cell outer membranes of E. coli and B. subtilis. The synergistic effects of MC-RR and lysozyme on bacteria indicated that MC-RR might play an ecological role in bacteria in combination with other substances in some aquatic environments.