Simulations of seasonal variations of stable water isotopes in land surface process model CLM

In this study, we simulated and analyzed the monthly variations of stable water isotopes in different reservoirs at Manaus, Brazil, using the Community Land Model （CLM） that incorporates stable isotopic effects as a diagnostic tool for understanding stable water isotopic processes, filling the observational data gaps and predicting hydrometeorological processes. The simulation results show that the δ^18O values in precipitation, vapor and surface runoff have distinct seasonality with the marked negative correlations with corresponding water amount. Compared with the survey results by the International Atomic Energy Agency （IAEA） in co-operation with the World Meteorological Organization （WMO）, the simulations by CLM reveal the similar temporal distributions of the δ^18O in precipitation. Moreover, the simulated amount effect between monthly δ^18O and monthly precipitation amount, and MWL （meteoric water line） are all close to the measured values. However, the simulated seasonal difference in the δ^18O in precipitation is distinctly smaller than observed one, and the simulated temporal distribution of the δ^18O in precipitation displays the ideal bimodal seasonality rather than the observed single one. These mismatches are possibly related to the simulation capacity and the veracity in forcing data.     

协同设计过程建模方法研究与应用

分析了新型自驱动式牵引机设计过程，指出用IDEF3过程模型描述协同设计存在的不足；提出将MCM和CLM作为协同设计过程建模新方法，并针对其在工作流描述方面的不足，进行了扩展；最后应用于新型自驱动式牵引机的协同设计过程。     

基于陆面过程模式的热红外卫星遥感影像模拟

遥感服务于气象、气候领域的一个关键环节就是建立地表过程模式与遥感数据之间的联系,利用过程模式的可靠输出参数来模拟卫星影像,并与真实的观测数据进行对比.本文建立了一个以通用陆面过程模式(CLM)相关参数为地表输入信息,以再分析大气廓线为大气输入信息的卫星影像模拟系统,以期通过模拟数据与真实卫星数据的比较,为模式背景场、强迫场的修订及预报精度的提高服务.模拟结果表明,对于由植被和土壤等组成的自然地表,模拟的热红外卫星信号主要取决于过程模式输出的地表温度,模拟的地表方向性辐射温度与模拟的大气层顶部表观辐射温度相关性高达0.99.模拟到的表观辐射温度与AVHRR影像对应的辐射温度差异比较大,最大值超过30 K,大多数像元温差分布在-20～20 K之间.温差在高海拔地区普遍比较大,这可能是由于CLM对高海拔地区的温度估计偏低导致的.     

Modeling spatial and temporal variations in soil moisture in China

On the basis of station observations, an atmospheric field (ObsFC) was constructed for the Community Land Model version 3.5 (CLM3.5). The model (CLM3.5 driven with ObsFC, hereafter referred as to CLM3.5/ObsFC) was used to simulate soil moisture (SM) from 1951 to 2008 in China. The resulting SM was compared with in situ observations, remote-sensing data and estimations made by various land models, indicating that CLM3.5/ObsFC is capable of reproducing the temporospatial characteristics and long-term variation trends of SM over China. Using an in situ observation-based forcing field improves the simulation of SM. Analysis of SM simulated using CLM3.5/ObsFC shows that the overall spatial pattern of SM was characterized by a gradually decreasing and alternating distribution of arid-humid zones from the southeast to northwest. Regionally averaged SM was the driest over southern Xinjiang Province and western Inner Mongolia, while the most humid regions were located over the Northeast Plain, Jianghuai region and the Yangtze River basin. The long-term variation trends of SM were generally characterized by increases in arid and humid regions and decreases in semiarid regions. Moreover, the variation was relatively intense from the mid-1970s to the mid-1990s in the arid region. The time series was more stable in the humid region except for a period near 1970 and after the year 2003. A downward trend was most prominent in the semiarid region from the 1990s to the end of the time series. For 1951–2008, in the arid, semiarid and humid regions, the SM volume percentage changed by 2.35, −1.26 and 0.08, respectively. The variation trends and intensity remarkably differed among the different regions, with the most notable changes being over the arid and semiarid regions north of 35°N.     

基于CLM模型的植被覆盖变化对黄土高原气温和降水的影响研究

黄土高原位于我国第二阶梯,地理环境复杂,生态环境脆弱。本文结合GIMMS/NDVI遥感数据与气象站点观测资料开展诊断分析研究,并将其与模型模拟试验相结合,通过这种方法来研究黄土高原地区植被覆盖与气温和降水之间的作用关系。研究结果表明,黄土高原地区的NDVI、气温和降水量均具有明显的季节变化特征;1982—2006年,区域滑动平均NDVI、气温和降水的线性变化斜率分别为5E-04/10a、0.061℃/10a和-0.492mm/10a;研究区域内NDVI与气温和降水的同期滑动平均相关系数分别为0.459和-0.23,且均存在较明显的空间差异。应用CLM陆面过程模型的模拟结果表明,植被覆盖增加后,植被覆盖发生变化地区的净短波辐射有所增加,净长波辐射有所减少,导致地表吸收净辐射有增加趋势;研究区域内的感热通量和潜热通量均有所增加,且潜热通量的增加更为明显,这可能对植被覆盖增加后气温的降低产生一定影响;研究区域内的土壤含水量和地表蒸散均呈增加变化,这可能导致降水增加。但是,植被覆盖增加对区域气温降低和降水增加的影响作用有限。     

PVP-柱撑蒙脱土双负载双金属催化芳香卤化物的水相脱卤

采用高聚物聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和支载了聚乙二醇(PEG)活性链的蒙脱土(CLM)为载体,支载PdCl2-FeSO4,制备了新型催化剂PVP-PdCl2-FeSO4/Al-CLM-PEG,催化剂在水相中对芳香氯化物脱卤具有较高的催化活性和选择性,而且易分离和再生.考察了甲酸钠用量、反应温度和反应时间对催化剂催化活性的影响.