从近距离观察光的衍射现象结果中认识光的波粒二象性

世界万物是由一种物质通过多种多样的运动形成的,很久以前有人称这种物质叫以太,请允许我在这里称其为动子。物质是由动子通过不同的群体运动形式表现出来,而物质之外的时间、空间等元素都是因动子的运动产生或改变。文章将初步建立一个由类似于相对论时空观的时间、空间模型,并用这个模型来辨析相对论的时空理论。通过建立的模型证实相对论的时空理论存在的局限性。     

狭义相对论产生的历史背景

本文从经典物理受到的挑战,迈克尔逊—莫雷实验和爱因斯坦创建狭义相对论的思想发展三个方面阐述了狭义相对论产生的历史背景,这对我们理解狭义相对论有重要意义。     

Two arguments for scientific realism unified

Inferences from scientific success to the approximate truth of successful theories remain central to the most influential arguments for scientific realism. Challenges to such inferences, however, based on radical discontinuities within the history of science, have motivated a distinctive style of revision to the original argument. Conceding the historical claim, selective realists argue that accompanying even the most revolutionary change is the retention of significant parts of replaced theories, and that a realist attitude towards the systematically retained constituents of our scientific theories can still be defended. Selective realists thereby hope to secure the argument from success against apparent historical counterexamples. Independently of that objective, historical considerations have inspired a further argument for selective realism, where evidence for the retention of parts of theories is itself offered as justification for adopting a realist attitude towards them. Given the nature of these arguments from success and from retention, a reasonable expectation is that they would complement and reinforce one another, but although several theses purport to provide such a synthesis the results are often unconvincing. In this paper I reconsider the realist’s favoured type of scientific success, novel success, offer a revised interpretation of the concept, and argue that a significant consequence of reconfiguring the realist’s argument from success accordingly is a greater potential for its unification with the argument from retention.