非平衡等离子体化学研究现状与进展

现在人们研究的非平衡等离子体大多是在低气压（1.33 Pa～1.33 kPa）、低质量流量条件下,由射频（13.5 MHz）、微波（2450 MHz）以及交、直流高电压激发的辉光放电产生的,作为一种直接向反应体系施加能量的方法,已在等离子体化学合成与分解、溅射制膜、气相淀积、聚合与引发聚合、材料表面改性、沉积刻蚀和低温灰化等方面应用,取得了引人瞩目的应用效果.Maezono等人[1]在压力为0.08 kPa,Ar作     

一种用于工业废气处理的气体消毒管的设计

概述了工业废气处理的主要方法及其优缺点。利用研究高气压微空心阴极辉光放电的成果,设计了一款能够用于工业废气处理的气体消毒装置,对该装置的结构、工作原理和特点进行了详细的论述。实验结果表明:利用该装置对工业废气中的甲烷清除达到70,苯清除达到90,消毒效果相当好。     

高气压高能放电小型低速风洞的研制

根据高能放电腔的特点以及放电对气体流量、流速和流场的要求,提出了应用于高气压强电离放电的小型低速风洞技术方案。该技术方案在满足流场、流速要求的前提下开展气动设计和结构设计,重点研究了总体结构、气流喷口和收集口的气动与结构设计、动力段气动与结构设计、流速调节控制、电机散热等关键技术。简要介绍了为某单位研制的应用于高能放电的小型风洞。现场应用表明,该小型风洞稳定可靠,是一种实用、有效的高气压高能放电气流循环装置。     

超高强钢管气压热成形设备的研究开发

为了满足超高强钢管气压热成形工艺研究的需求,基于高气压热成形原理,轧制技术及连轧自动化国家重点实验室自主设计开发了一套超高强钢管气压热成形设备.该设备利用电阻加热方式对管坯温度进行精确控制,开发了管端部高压密封结构、快速充气系统及液压伺服进给系统;结合模具内部的循环冷却水路设计,高温管件在内高压与轴向进给联合作用下成形,且成形过程中与冷态模具接触被直接淬火,实现了单工位条件下的管件加热、成形及在线淬火功能.实验测试表明,该设备最高充气压力可达40 MPa且密封可靠,温度控制精度为±1℃,管件充气速度连续可调,为超高强钢管气压热成形工艺研究提供了可靠的支持.     

一种高气压金属卤化物气体放电灯用新型电源的原理研究

提出一种用于高气压金属卤化物气体放电灯供电电源的新型主电路拓扑,不需设置专门提供起燃脉冲的高压脉冲发生器,只须改变电路工作频率,即能满足这类灯在起燃、负阻运行、稳态运行各阶段对电源不同输出特性的要求,电路结构简单,装置体积小,在负载稳定运动后,电源输出特性近似电流源,开头器件电流幅值较低,并可实现零电流换相,讨论了这种电源的工作原理和系统结构,并给出了模拟负载的PSPICE仿真和实验室试验结果,表明其完全符合电路的工作原理和设计思想。     

强电场中离子运动规律及应用基础研究进展

高气压非平衡等离子体是当今世界经济、军事强国竞相研究的焦点 ,它涉及工业、军事的高能物质 (活性粒子 )加工及其辐射的等离子体源及反应器 (室 )。目前 ,高气压非平衡等离子体及其源的研究局限于弱(电场 )电离放电范畴 ,存在等离子体浓度低、能耗高和体积庞大等问题。为此 ,研究外加非均匀强电场、空间电荷形成的本征电场对离子的作用力及其运动规律 ,以便解决形成高浓度等离子体的方法及离子从强电场束缚中引出去的问题 ,为研制强电离放电非平衡等离子体源提供理论基础及加工方法 ,并可望使外输的等离子体束浓度达到 10 1 4 /cm3。等离子体源及反应器可以做到微型化 ,每立方厘米有效放电体积处理气量高达 15m3/h。它的体积、能耗、一次造价、运行成本等也将大大降低 ,有望解决等离子体工程化的现存问题 ;也能解决困扰世界各军事强国的飞行器等离子体隐身、减阻及天线的应用理论与方法问题 ;又可用于水处理 ,治理赤潮、海洋生物入侵以及杀菌消毒等领域 ,实现零污染、零废物排放 ,从根本上解决环境污染问题。     

Arctic Oscillation influence on daily temperature variance in winter over China

The relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and daily temperature variance of 150 Chinese stations are investigated in the present study for wintertime (1 November through 31 March) in the period of 1954--2001. Resuits show that the temperature variance significantly decreases during the high AO years,and increases in low AO cases. A key factor connecting them is the Siberian High,particularly the high-frequency fluctuations of the High.Within the seasonal time scale, the frequency of low-temperature extremes (daily temperature anomaly below-2σ,σ is the standard deviation of daily temperature for a given winter and a given station) displays an odd relation to the variance: a larger (smaller) variance is found to be associated with smaller (greater) frequency of low-temperature events. That is due to the non-normal distribution of the temperatures, and also influenced by the phases of AO. During the last 50 years or so, AO experiences a significant increasing trend, meanwhile the variance of daily sea level pressure (SLP) in the central region of Siberian High has decreased at a rate of-10.7%/10 a. These result in a significant weakening of the daily temperature variance in China with a trend of -4.1%/10 a, and a significant increase in the intra-seasonal low-temperature extremes at a rate of 0.16d/10 a.     

高气压强电离放电等离子体学科的形成及应用展望

本文概述了高气压电场放电及非平衡等离子体化学研究的趋势。文中着重论述了高气压强电离放电取得高能（１０￣２３ｅＶ）电子的方法,以及激励气体分子分解、分解电离、分解附着成原子、原子离子、分子碎片和自由基等,按预定模型合成新分子、新物质。使常规难以进行的化学反应得以进行或加速进行。高气压非平衡等离子体具有极其广阔的应用前景。     

高气压磁控溅射中较高功率对沉积速率的影响

本文拟研究在磁控溅射中,在高气压、高溅射功率范围内,不同的溅射功率对沉积速率的影响.实验采用磁控溅射法制备锌薄膜,应用控制变量法,在其它条件相同的条件下,对于70-200W的6个不同的溅射功率,制备6个锌薄膜,然后分别测其膜厚,并算出沉积速率.本文经过分析,得出在高气压,高溅射功率范围内,随溅射功率增加沉积速率变小,并且两者呈线性关系的结论.     

Reconstructing sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in atmosphere in the Okinawa Trough during the Holocene and their paleoclimatic implications

The sediment core DGKS9603 collected from the Okinawa Trough was used as research target. By use of unsaturated index U37^k of long-chain alkenone, δ^13C of POC and of planktonic foraminifera (G sacculifer), the evolutions of sea surface temperature and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during the Holocene were reconstructed in the Okinawa Trough. And in combination of δ^18O of planktonic foraminifera, the relative difference of sea surface salinity during the Holocene was also reconstructed.Consequently, three cooling events (E1-E3) were identified,each of which occurred at 1.7-1.6, 5.1-4.8 and 8.1-7.4kaBP (cal), respectively. Of the three events, E2 and E3 are globally comparable, their occurrence mechanism would be that the main stream of the Kuroshio Current shifted eastward due to the enhanced circulation of the northeastern Pacific Ocean, which was driven in turn by amplified intensity of sunshine and subsequent enhancement of subtropical high pressure; E1 corresponds to the Small Ice-Age Event occurring between 1550 and 1850AD in China. In the Okinawa Trough, E1 might be also related to the eastward shift of main stream of the Kuroshio current driven by powerful Asia winter monsoon.