永恒的分子

作为全世界庆祝发现DNA双螺旋结构 5 0周年庆典的序曲 ,《自然》杂志出版了一期综述集 ,这些文章概括了这一有着启示性意义的分子结构的历史的、科学的、文化的影响。没有其他的分子像DNA这样使人着迷 ,使科学家们废寝忘食 ,它赋予艺术家们灵感并且深刻地改变了这个社会。在某种程度上 ,它就是当今社会的标志。在 1 95 3年 4月 2 5日 ,詹姆斯·沃森和弗朗西斯·克里克在当天的《自然》杂志上描述了DNA的两条互补的脱氧核糖核酸链螺旋形紧密结合在一起的结构。他们的这一发现为理解遗传物质的损伤、修复、复制以及物种的进化和多样性提供…     

顺铂与DNA相互作用下的CD谱的测试

本文报导了ＤＮＡ与顺铂相互作用下的ＣＤ谱的测试过程及实验结果，并对作用机理做了初步分析．     

探索生命的奥秘——纪念DNA发现50周年

1953年4月25日,英国《自然》杂志同时发表了沃森和克里克、弗兰克林、维尔金斯的3篇实验报告,这3篇报告是人类首次对遗传基因DNA的揭示。也正是由此,生命科学才得以飞速的发展。让我们回顾一下DNA的发现吧。 为什么种瓜得瓜? 为什么“种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆”?为什么“龙生龙,凤生凤,老鼠的儿子会打洞”?这是多少年来人类     

邻硝基苯酚与脱氧核糖核酸相互作用的研究

为了探讨邻硝基苯酚（o-NP）与脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）的相互作用方式,用荧光光谱法、紫外-可见光谱法、量子化学方法,研究了pH为7．42磷酸盐缓冲溶液中o-NP与DNA的相互作用．o-NP在脱氧核糖核酸开链过程后的荧光光谱曲线、紫外光谱曲线的吸收峰改变较大,未经开链的改变较小,量化计算表明邻硝基苯酚位于DNA的碱基附近．邻硝基苯酚在脱氧核糖核酸开链过程中形成了新的DNA加合物．     

胞嘧啶N—甲基化作用的量化研究

DNA中胞嘧碇N—甲基化后,每个原子的各项量子化学指数均有明显变化,可能使碱基对间的部分氢锭受到破坏,从而改变其结合性质,并影响其生物功能。     

DNA的动力学特性及其空间组态

在生物体中存在着大量的非线性现象.本文从B型DNA的双螺旋结构出发,建立起B-DNA的碱基对运动方程,求解了在DNA的开放系统中所激发的孤子运动,由此较为详细地分析了DNA的动力学特性及其空间组态.     

几种多种离子对DNA的效应

对金定鸭肝脏ＤＮＡ的紫外光谱分析表明：ＺＮ＾２＋可与碱基的－Ｎ经予体较弱地络合，在ＤＮＡ两链间提供一个桥，有利于ＤＮＡ复性，Ｆｅ＾３＋能与ＤＮＡ中的磷酸酯氧结合，稳定络合物，以致会阻碍ＤＮＡ复性。Ａｌ＾３与ＤＮＡ中的磷酸酯氧亲和力高，容易形成更稳定的络合物，使ＤＮＡ双链紧密结合而对热非常稳定。     

6种瓢虫的RAPD分析及在分类上应用的研究

利用随机引物分别对6种瓢虫的DNA进行了聚合酶链式反应（RAPD－PCR）的实验。结果显示，用相同引物扩增不同种瓢虫的基因组DNA，扩增产物多态性DNA片段的数目是不同的；两种不同引物的扩增产物中，各自呈现出种、属的特异性片段，其可用于种、属的鉴别；聚类图显示了种、属之间亲缘关系的远近程度，并与形态学分类结果相一致。实验分析还发现：七星瓢虫不同个体间多态性DNA特有带较多，遗传较稳定；龟纹瓢虫与之相比，不同个体间多态性DNA的特有带较少，变异程度较大。     

Analysis of components of conserved “backbone sequences”among genomes of Shigella spp. strains

Difference in the genomic compositions of prokaryotes is the basis of the diversity in their biological characters. However, besides their flora-or strain-specific genes,those floras with closer relationship in the evolution also have conserved “backbone sequences”, which reveal the marks of their origin and evolution, and these “backbone sequences”are just the basis of their elementary living abilities and common biological properties. Shigella is very closely related to E. coli in the origin and evolution, and may turn out to belong to the same genus. In this study, a microarray containing E. coli K-12 whole genome and Sf301 specific ORFs is used to investigate the genomic components of four Shigella strains. The results indicate that 16%-22% K-12 ORFs sequences are not detected in the genome of Shigella strains while the genome of Shigella contains at least 2800 conserved ORFs, which compose the common “backbone sequences”.Advanced analysis indicated that the “backbone sequences”are the essential components in maintaining the normal physiological activities of intestinal bacteria. Furthermore,only 20% Sf301-specific ORFs exist in other strains simultaneously, which demonstrate the great genome heterogeneity and the genetic diversity among the strains.     

Phylogenetic position of Schnabelia, a genus endemic to China： Evidence from sequences of cpDNA matK gene and nrDNA ITS regions

The chloroplast gene matK and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA from Schnabelia, a genus endemic to China, and 6 genera of Verbenaceae and 13 genera of Lamiaceae were sequenced. The phylogenetic signal and validity outgroups were measured and evaluated by means of the relatively apparent synapomorphy analysis (RASA). Independent and combined phylogenetic analyses for the matK and ITS sequences were performed using the maximum parsimony (MP), neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods, indicating that Schnabelia oligophylla and Caryopteris terniflora form a sister-group relationship. The Caryopteris complex is not shown to be a monophyly because Trichostema, C. paniculata and C. forrestii are paraphyletic to the clade containing the remaining members of the complex. A monophyly of Ajugoideae proposed by Cantino et al., including 8 genera in this study, is strongly supported and the closest relatives of Schnabelia are in the Ajugoideae (Lamiaceae), especially near Caryopteris terniflora. The polygenetic analyses also showed that the genera of Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae sampled in this tudy are phylogenetically mixed and the genus Avicennia is distant to other genera of Verbenaceae. RASA and combined analysis can be used as effective approaches to determining the relationships among phylogenetically complex groups.