The Challenging Topics and Future Directions of the Research in Limnology and Watershed Sciences

Based on reviewing the problems in limnology and watershed sciences in meeting the national demands and the development of theories and methodology, this paper proposed some challenging topics to the sciences, covering the process of lake evolution and the quantitative analysis of human impacts, in -lake nutrient cycling an biogeo-chemical process, the process and mechanisms of material flow in lake-watershed system, digital watershed and the modeling of the surface process of lake -watershed, and ecosystem health and scientific management of lake-watershed.     

山丹湖环境水化学特征的主因子分析

用因子分析法和相关的统计方法研究了山丹湖的富营养化特征,从原始数据的相关矩阵出发,提取了占总方差８２％的两个主因子,并对主因子作出合理的解释,主因子分析的结果表明,由氮营养化引起的污染是控制山丹湖营养化学特征的主要因子。     

Temperature variations on the Tibetan Plateau over the last two millennia

The paleoclimate data recovered from ice cores,tree rings and lake sediments indicate regional features of cfimatic change on the Tibeta n Plateau (TP) during the last 2000 years. The composite temperature reconstructions in-dicate that several main climatic episodes, such as the “LittleIce Age“ between 1400 and 1900, the “Medieval Warm Pe-riod“ in 1150-1400, a less warm period in 800-1100, and an earlier cold period between the 3rd and 5th centuries,occurred in the TP. In addition, temperature varied from region to region. The period from AD 800 to 1100, which waswarm in northeastern TP, was contemporaneous with cool-ing in the western and southern TP. The southern TP ex-perienced warming between 1150 and 1400. For western TP,the δ^18O records of the Guliya ice core indicate that the pe-Hod 1250-1500 witnessed a clear warming. Large-scaletrends in the temperature history from northeastern TP aremore similar to those in eastern China than are the trendsfrom the Guliya ice cap far to the west and southern TP. The most prominent similarities between the temperature varia-tions of the TP and eastern China are such cold phases as 1100-1150, 1500-1550, 1650-1700 and 1800-1850, andthe latter three cold events match with three widespreadg lacial advances which occurred on the TP during the Little Ice A2e.     

我国南方的生态特点及其保护措施

经济的飞速发展，带来的副作用是生态环境的破坏。章以湖北省为研究对象，指出我国南方生态环境的特点和由于追求经济发展而日益突出的四个主要生态问题，并且针对这些问题提出保护措施。     

湖泊沉积研究中一种定量估算陆源有机碳的方法

湖泊沉积研究中常把总有机质含量(TOM)或总有机碳含量(TOC)作为判识湖泊环境的一个重要指标.事实上,湖泊沉积物中的有机碳来源广泛,简单地可分出内源和陆源两部分.     

湖泊原生碳酸盐化学沉积模型及其应用

对湖泊原生碳酸盐化学沉积体系的模型化作了初步的尝试，并把经与对胜利油区早第三纪的古老营湖的研究相结合，定量化地探讨了古东营湖中的由气候的旋回性变化所控制的富碳酸盐／富碎屑物的韵律沉积现象。     

湖泊底泥环境疏浚工程技

论述了湖泊污染底泥的环境疏浚工程技术,这是一项当今世界上崭新环保工程技术,作者根据国内湖泊环境疏浚第一例工程的经验和实践,提出了环境疏浚工程技术,包括该技术与工程疏浚技术的区别,疏浚方案的制定,适用机械的选型比较,以及泥浆的脱水干化,余水处理等,同时还提出了防止二次污染的各种技术和措施,为我国湖泊污染治理提供了一个有效的污染底泥疏浚技术。     

柴达木盆地第三纪湖盆古水介质研究

根据大量分析化验对柴达木盆地第三纪湖盆古水介质的演化进行了研究,第三纪湖盆微量元素特征表现为微咸水－咸水,并且在湖盆演化的不同时期其古水介质条件有明显的变化。碳酸盐岩,膏盐,盐岩组合以及生物标志化合物组合在垂向上的变化反映出第三纪经历了两次盐湖旋回的演化,并且这种盐湖演化同第三纪湖盆沉积中心,沉降中心的迁移是一致的。在盐湖盆地沉积中粘土矿物呈现正常型和非正常型的两种演化模式。     

湖泊富营养化的综合防治

湖泊富营养化是指湖泊中的营养物质(主要是氮、磷)过多,使水体中藻类大量繁殖,水溶解氧的能力降低,从而造成水质恶化,水体失去正常功能。随着城市生活污水排放量和农业化肥使用量的增加,使得湖泊富营养化加剧,这已成为湖泊污染的主要形式,也已成为一个普遍的趋势。如滇池、太湖、巢湖等都存在着不同程度的富营养化。