信江地区“补丁岩”的发现及其地质意义

“补丁岩”是宋叔和先生50年代在白银厂工作时首次提出的,主要是指薄板状、薄片状或片状、形似“补丁”而被各种火山-沉积物胶结而成的一种特殊岩石,与典型的火山角砾岩、集块岩有很大区别。     

南极长城站地区湖泊沉积岩芯的^210Pb分布特征

报道了南极长城站地区湖泊沉积柱样中~（２１０）Ｐｂ比活度的测量结果：附加~（２１０）Ｐｂ比活度随深度的增加呈典型的指数衰减分布，指出了~（２１０）Ｐｂ测年法在本区应用的可行性和该湖泊的沉积速率（（０．０７２±０．０１８）ｃｍ·ａ~（－１）），并讨论了大气核试验对南极环境中２１０Ｐｂ沉降量的影响。     

青海柴达木盆地的计算机三史模拟和第三系沉积岩含油气远景预测

青海柴达木盆地系统的地热研究,是在38年油气勘探和研究过程中所积累的大量石油地质、地球物理勘探、有机地球化学研究和勘探资料及成果的基础上,于1991—1993年进行的,它包括:大地热流测量、地温场分析、古地温恢复、油气形成地热条件研究、盆地三史模拟和油气资源远景分区预测等六项内容,为进一步的油气资源评价提供了系统的地热依据,同时取得了用计算机辅助进行分区预测的经验.本文着重报道其中三史模拟和计算机辅助预测方面的新进展.     

High-quality hydrocarbon source rock in the Paleogene sequence of the Ping Chau Formation, Hong Kong

Although petroleum exploration is being conducted in the Hong Kong region, high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks have never been found in this area. The Ping Chau Formation is only Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary rock exposed in Hong Kong and its surrounding areas. The hydrocarbon source rock of the Ping Chau Formation is very rich in organic matters, which has an average total organic carbon (TOC) of 1.9% and chloroform bitumen ““A““ range from 0.14% to 0.24%. The total hydrocarbon content varies from 880 to 1800 ppm and the transformation ratio is specific from 5 to 9. The index of pyrolytic hydrogen is up to about 600 mgHC/gTOC. These data demonstrate the characteristics of the high-quality hydrocarbon source rock. The lamalginite is the major maceral of the source rock of the Ping Chau Formation, and geochemical characteristics also suggest that the organic materials of the source rock are of type I and type Ⅱ1, with abundant gammacerane, γ, β-caro-tane and C24 tetracyclic terpane, which indicate that it was formed in the salt water and brackish water sedimentary environment, and the source rock has evolved into a mature phase. The organic inclusions are found within calcite veins in cracks of the source rock, indicating that hydrocarbon has been generated and a secondary migration has happened. The source rock in the Ping Chau Formation is about 200-300 m thick, thus having considerable hydrocarbon potential. The discovery of the high quality hydrocarbon source rock in the Ping Chau Formation will certainly provide insight on hydrocarbon resource exploration in the South China Sea area.     

鄂尔多斯白垩系沙丘岩的发现

鄂尔多斯白垩系志丹群红色砂岩含有大量的砂丘岩,其沉积构造,粒度和砂粒微形成的风成特征显著,沙丘岩的时空分布和沉积特征表明可能存在一个面积巨大的古鄂尔多斯沙海,属持续炎热干旱的亚热带内陆信风沙漠,是中国白垩纪红色沙漠带的重要组成部分。     

Geochronology of source materials from high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in Jurassic sedimentary rocks of Hefei Basin

Eclogite cobbles were discovered by Wang et al. (2001) in the Fenghuangtai Formation of the northern margin of Dabie Mountains in the Dushan area of Anhui Province, China[1]. They proposed that after the formation during the Triassic, the high-pressure (HP) and ultra-high-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks reached the sur-face through exhumation and uplifting before the late Ju-rassic. However, they have not provided any evidence about isotopic ages. One kind of cobbles of HP-UHP rocks w…     

火山灰沉积地区钻孔泥浆性能试验

水敏性火山灰沉积岩具有很强的吸水性和膨胀性,遇水后迅速软化崩解,钻孔施工时使用普通泥浆很难成孔。通过分析泥浆护壁性状,认为减少失水量和泥皮厚度是在水敏性土中成孔和提高桩侧摩擦阻力的关键。选取羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和纯碱(Na2CO3)作为减小失水量的添加剂,通过正交试验确定泥浆的最佳质量配比为:淡水∶膨润土∶CMC∶纯碱=100∶8∶0.1∶0.04。试验结果表明:膨润土质量分数越大,泥皮越厚,护壁效果越好,对桩侧摩擦阻力的消弱越大;CMC和纯碱对减少失水量和泥皮厚度效果明显;海水入浸会增加泥浆的失水量,造成泥浆恶化;铬铁木质素磺酸钠盐(FCL)对因海水入浸而恶化的泥浆改善效果不明显。     

东濮凹陷濮城油田沙三—沙四段岩相分析

东濮凹陷濮城油田沙四下是一套紫红色砂泥岩,其沉积特征反映一种比较特殊的滨湖亚相环境,可分为砂坪微相、砂泥混合坪微相和泥坪微相。沙四上—沙三~3有四种岩相:暗色泥岩及页岩相浊积岩相,石膏及盐岩相,黑色硅质岩相。四种岩相的组合反映深湖-半深湖环境。本文着重进行浊积岩相分析,初步探讨了四种岩相组合的形成机制,指出了断裂-岩相-形成油气藏的相互关系。     

西准噶尔白碱淮北部太勒古拉给深水沉积研究

论述了西准噶尔札依尔山南缘下石炭统太勒古拉组中发现的沉水火山碎屑岩沉积特征；根据粒序、沉积结构和构造、横向与垂向上的特点，将深水火山碎屑岩划分为６种岩组，并建立了４种岩相组合；剖面垂向层序表明：从底向上，粒序由粗变细，层厚由厚变薄，“近基”火山碎屑浊积岩逐渐被“远基”浊积岩代替，表明研究区泥盆纪至早石炭世，洋盆扩张，火山喷发由强变燕、沉积环境由深海浊积中扇向外扇演化。     

中国沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床中的关键金属

沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床主要包括碎屑岩赋矿(clastic-dominated, CD)矿床和密西西比河谷型(Mississippi-Valley type, MVT)矿床两种,它是世界上Cd、Ga、Ge等关键金属的重要来源,并具有In、Co、Tl的资源潜力.中国沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床主要分布在5个成矿区/带,提供了全国54%的铅锌用量,但其伴生关键金属的资源潜力和成矿机制尚不清楚.本文在综述沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床中伴生的主要关键金属和中国沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床的基础上,详细总结了中国沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床中关键金属的分布特征和富集机制.各类关键金属元素在中国沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床中分布不均,相对地壳丰度, Cd、Ge、In最为富集, Tl、Co有一定富集, Ga的富集程度较低;从矿床类型上来看, Cd、Ga、Ge、Tl在中国MVT矿床中相对富集, In、Co在CD矿床中相对富集;从区域分布上来看,不同元素的富集区带差异很大,除Cd在5个成矿区/带都有较好富集外,其他金属在三江带、扬子地台、厂坝成矿带出现不同程度富集.总结发现,沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床对所富集关键金属的种类具选择性,而关键金属在该类矿床中的富集程度也...